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Identification of a new polymorphism on the wild-type canine distemper virus genome: could this contribute to vaccine failures?

  • Bacterial, Fungal and Virus Molecular Biology - Research Paper
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Abstract   

The canine distemper virus (CDV) is responsible for a multisystem infectious disease with high prevalence in dogs and wild carnivores and has vaccination as the main control measure. However, recent studies show an increase in cases including vaccinated dogs in different parts of the world. There are several reasons for vaccine failures, including differences between vaccine strains and wild-type strains. In this study, a phylogenetic analysis of CDV strains from samples of naturally infected, vaccinated, and symptomatic dogs in Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil was performed with partial sequencing of the hemagglutinin (H) gene of CDV. Different sites of amino acid substitutions were found, and one strain had the Y549H mutation, typically present in samples from wild animals. Substitutions in epitopes (residues 367, 376, 379, 381, 386, and 388) that may interfere with the vaccine’s ability to provide adequate protection against infection for CDV were observed. The identified strains were grouped in the South America 1/Europe lineage, with a significant difference from other lineages and vaccine strains. Twelve subgenotypes were characterized, considering a nucleotide identity of at least 98% among the strains. These findings highlight the relevance of canine distemper infection and support the need better monitoring of the circulating strains that contribute to elucidate if there is a need for vaccine update.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank the Graduate Support Program (Programa de Apoio à Pós-Graduação, Brazil; PROAP) and the Coordination Office for Improvement of Higher-Education Personnel (Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior, CAPES; Brazil) for their assistance in acquiring materials to carry out the research and for granting the researcher a scholarship.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Escola de Veterinária E Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Goiás – UFG, Campus II CEP 74690900, Goiânia, GO, Brazil

    Karolina Martins Ferreira Menezes, Adilson Donizeti Damasceno & Bruno Benetti Junta Torres

  2. Instituto de Patologia Tropical E Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil

    Nathânia Dábilla & Menira Souza

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  1. Karolina Martins Ferreira Menezes
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  2. Nathânia Dábilla
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Correspondence to Karolina Martins Ferreira Menezes.

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Menezes, K.M.F., Dábilla, N., Souza, M. et al. Identification of a new polymorphism on the wild-type canine distemper virus genome: could this contribute to vaccine failures?. Braz J Microbiol 54, 665–678 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42770-023-00971-x

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