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Canine distemper virus and canine adenovirus type 1 co-infection in a free-living hoary fox (Lycalopex vetulus) from Brazil

  • Veterinary Microbiology - Short Communication
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Abstract

The present case is the first description of a co-infection with canine distemper virus (CDV) and canine adenovirus type 1 (CAdV-1) in a free-living hoary fox pup from Brazil. The animal was found and rescued with poor body condition, dehydration, incoordination, ataxia, excessive vocalization, and “blue eyes” phenomenon. Despite the efforts, euthanasia was elected due to worsening clinical signs and poor prognosis. Pathologic examination revealed a mild, acute, random, necrotizing hepatitis, acute bronchopneumonia, hydrocephalus, corneal edema with epithelium degeneration, and acidophilic intracytoplasmatic inclusion bodies in different epithelial cells types with rare syncytial. Through immunohistochemistry, CDV antigen was observed in the tongue, trachea, lungs, liver, spleen, stomach, intestine and urinary bladder. Adenovirus antigen was identified in the nucleus of scattered hepatocytes. Polymerase chain reaction and sequencing demonstrated high similarity with CAdV-1 and wild-type strain of CDV close related to Brazilian viral lineages isolated from domestic dogs. Disease surveillance in wildlife animals is essential to assess possible conservation threats and consider the implementation of mitigation or control measures.

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Data Availability

All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article.

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Acknowledgements

We thank all professionals and fellows at the Division of Zoonosis of the Health Department of the Municipality of Sorocaba – São Paulo, Pathology Center and Sample Management Center of Institute Adolfo Lutz.

Funding

This study was supported by Grupo de Apoio às Políticas de Prevenção e Proteção à Saúde/Fundo Especial de Saúde para Imunização em Massa e controle de Doenças (GAPS/FESIMA # 28/2020) and Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) (Process # 404510/2021–3).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Parque Zoológico Municipal Quinzinho de Barros, Rua Teodoro Kaisel, 883 - Vila Hortência, Sorocaba - SP, Sorocaba, São Paulo, 18020268, Brazil

    Maraya Lincoln Silva, Mayara Grego Caiaffa, André Luiz Mota da Costa & Rodrigo Hidalgo Friciello Teixeira

  2. Centro de Patologia, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Avenida Dr. Arnaldo, 351, Pacaembú, São Paulo, SP, 01246000, Brazil

    Ticiana Brasil Ervedosa, Eduardo Ferreira Machado, Pedro Enrique Navas Suárez, Rodrigo Albergaria Réssio, Cinthya Cirqueira Borges, Isis Paixão de Jesus, Julia de Carvalho, Ketlyn Bolsachini Figueiredo, Ana Carolina Souza Ramos de Carvalho, Natália Coelho Couto de Azevedo Fernandes & Juliana Mariotti Guerra

  3. Laboratório de Patologia Comparada (LAPCOM), Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Veterinária E Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Professor Orlando Marques de Paiva, 70, São Paulo, SP, 05508270, Brazil

    Eduardo Ferreira Machado, Natália Coelho Couto de Azevedo Fernandes & Juliana Mariotti Guerra

  4. Laboratório de Zoonoses Virais, Medicina Veterinária Preventiva E Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Veterinária E Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Professor Orlando Marques de Paiva, 70, São Paulo, SP, 05508270, Brazil

    Paulo Eduardo Brandão

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  1. Maraya Lincoln Silva
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Contributions

Conceptualization: MLS, JMG, NCCA, PEB; clinical examination and necropsy: MLS, MGC, ALMC, RHFT; histopathology analysis and images: TBE, EFM, PEN; immunohistochemistry: RAR, CCB; molecular diagnosis, sequencing, and analysis: KBF, ACSRC; PEB; writing and editing: MLS, JMG; review: all authors.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Juliana Mariotti Guerra.

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Ethical statement

The study was approved by the Ethics Committee on the Use of Animals in Research at the Adolfo Lutz Institute under number 03–2019 and the National System of Genetic Patrimony Management and Associated Traditional Knowledge (Ministry of Environment, Federal Government, Brazil), SISGEN number ADF1196.

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The authors declare no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

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Silva, M.L., Caiaffa, M.G., da Costa, A.L.M. et al. Canine distemper virus and canine adenovirus type 1 co-infection in a free-living hoary fox (Lycalopex vetulus) from Brazil. Braz J Microbiol 54, 587–595 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42770-023-00921-7

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