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Communities of culturable freshwater fungi present in Antarctic lakes and detection of their low-temperature-active enzymes

  • Environmental Microbiology - Research Paper
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Abstract

We evaluated the diversity and enzymatic activities of culturable fungi recovered from cotton baits submerged for 2 years in Hennequin Lake, King George Island, and from benthic biofilms in Kroner Lake, Deception Island, South Shetland Islands, maritime Antarctica. A total of 154 fungal isolates were obtained, representing in rank abundance the phyla Ascomycota, Basidiomycota and Mortierellomycota. Thelebolus globosus, Goffeauzyma sp., Pseudogymnoascus verrucosus and Metschnikowia australis were the most abundant taxa. The fungal community obtained from the biofilm was more diverse and richer than that recovered from the cotton baits. However, diversity indices suggested that the lakes may harbour further fungal diversity. The capabilities of all cultured fungi to produce the extracellular enzymes cellulase, protease, lipase, agarase, carrageenase, invertase, amylase, esterase, pectinase, inulinase and gelatinase at low temperature were evaluated. All enzymes were detected, but the most widely produced were protease and pectinase. The best enzymatic indices were obtained from Holtermanniella wattica (for invertase, esterase), Goffeauzyma sp. (amylase), Metschnikowia australis (protease), Mrakia blollopis (cellulase, pectinase), Pseudogymnoascus verrucosus (agarase, carrageenase) and Leucosporidium fragarium (inulinase). The detection of multiple enzymes reinforces the ecological role of fungi in nutrient cycling in Antarctic lakes, making nutrients available to the complex aquatic food web. Furthermore, such low-temperature-active enzymes may find application in different biotechnological processes, such as in the textile, pharmaceutical, food, detergent and paper industries, as well as environmental application in pollutant bioremediation processes.

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Fig. 1

Source: Google Earth Pro, 2019 (a and b) and Luiz H. Rosa (c and d)

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Funding

This study received financial support from CNPq, PROANTAR, FAPEMIG, Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES). P. Convey is supported by NERC core funding to the British Antarctic Survey’s ‘Biodiversity, Evolution and Adaptation’ Team.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil

    Láuren Machado Drumond de Souza, Mayara Bapstitucci Ogaki, Elisa Amorim Amâncio Teixeira, Graciéle Cunha Alves de Menezes, Carlos Augusto Rosa & Luiz Henrique Rosa

  2. British Antarctic Survey, NERC, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ET, UK

    Peter Convey

  3. Department of Zoology, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 524, Auckland Park, 2006, South Africa

    Peter Convey

  4. Millennium Institute Biodiversity of Antarctic and Subantarctic Ecosystems (BASE), Valdivia, Chile

    Peter Convey

  5. Cape Horn International Center (CHIC), Puerto Williams, Chile

    Peter Convey

  6. Laboratório de Microbiologia Polar E Conexões Tropicais, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, P. O. Box 486, Belo Horizonte, MG, CEP 31270-901, Brazil

    Luiz Henrique Rosa

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de Souza, L.M.D., Ogaki, M.B., Teixeira, E.A.A. et al. Communities of culturable freshwater fungi present in Antarctic lakes and detection of their low-temperature-active enzymes. Braz J Microbiol 54, 1923–1933 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42770-022-00834-x

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