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A putative PCV3-associated disease in piglets from Southern Brazil

  • Veterinary Microbiology - Short Communication
  • Published:
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Abstract

Porcine circovirus type 3 (PCV3) is widely distributed worldwide, and its association with clinical disease in pigs has been studied in recent years. This study describes a novel PCV3-associated clinical disease in piglets from Brazil. Since September 2020, we received 48 piglets with large caudally rotated ears, weakness, and dyspnea. Most piglets were from gilts and died 1–5 days after birth. Two piglets that presented similar clinical signs and survived until 35–60 days had a marked decrease in growth rate. At post-mortem examination, the lungs did not collapse due to marked interlobular edema. Microscopically, the main feature was multisystemic vasculitis characterized by lymphocytes and plasma cells infiltrating and disrupting the wall of vessels, lymphohistiocytic interstitial pneumonia, myocarditis, and encephalitis. Viral replication was confirmed in these lesions through in situ hybridization (ISH-RNA). Seventeen cases were positive for PCV3 in PCR analysis, and all samples tested negative for porcine circovirus (PCV1, and PCV2); porcine parvovirus (PPV1, 2, 5, and 6); atypical porcine pestivirus (APPV); porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRSV); and ovine herpesvirus-2 (OvHV-2). Phylogenetic analysis of the ORF2 sequence from five different pig farms showed that the PCV3a clade is circulating among Brazil’s swineherds and causing neonatal piglet losses. This is the first report of PCV3a-associated disease in neonatal pigs from farms in Brazil.

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Funding

Financial support was supplied by CNPq and CAPES — Finance Code 001, Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Rio Grande do Sul (FAPERGS), and Pró-reitoria de Pesquisa da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (Propesq/UFRGS).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

    Franciéli Adriane Molossi, Bruno Albuquerque de Almeida, Bianca Santana de Cecco, Saulo Petinatti Pavarini & David Driemeier

  2. Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Setor de Virologia Veterinária, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

    Mariana Soares da Silva, Ana Cristina Sbaraini Mósena, Luciano Brandalise & Cláudio Wageck Canal

  3. Agroceres Pic, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil

    Gustavo Manoel Rigueira Simão

  4. University of Minnesota Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, St. Paul, MN, USA

    Fabio Vanucci

Authors
  1. Franciéli Adriane Molossi
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  2. Bruno Albuquerque de Almeida
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  3. Bianca Santana de Cecco
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  4. Mariana Soares da Silva
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  7. Gustavo Manoel Rigueira Simão
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  8. Cláudio Wageck Canal
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  9. Fabio Vanucci
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  10. Saulo Petinatti Pavarini
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Contributions

Franciéli Adriane Molossi drafted the study and made substantial contributions to the interpretation of data. Bruno Albuquerque de Almeida, Bianca Santana de Cecco, Luciano Brandalise, Gustavo Manoel Rigueira Simão, Saulo Petinatti Pavarini, and David Driemeier made substantial contributions to the interpretation of data and revised it critically for important intellectual content. Mariana Soares da Silva, Ana Cristina Sbaraini Mósena, and Cláudio Wageck Canal performed the viral analysis and made substantial contributions to the manuscript. Fabio Vanucci performed ISH and made substantial contributions to the final version of the manuscript. All authors approved the version to be published.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Franciéli Adriane Molossi.

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All cases described herein occurred spontaneously, with no experimentation, inoculation, or treatment of live animals. All applicable international, national, and/or institutional guidelines for the care and use of animals were followed.

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The authors declare no competing interests.

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Molossi, F.A., de Almeida, B.A., de Cecco, B.S. et al. A putative PCV3-associated disease in piglets from Southern Brazil. Braz J Microbiol 53, 491–498 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42770-021-00644-7

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