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Bioactive antifungal metabolites produced by Streptomyces amritsarensis V31 help to control diverse phytopathogenic fungi

  • Bacterial and Fungal Pathogenesis - Research Paper
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Abstract

Actinomycetes due to their unique repertoire of antimicrobial secondary metabolites can be an eco-friendly and sustainable alternative to agrochemicals to control plant pathogens. In the present study, antifungal activity of twenty different actinomycetes was evaluated via dual culture plate assay against six different phytopathogens, viz., Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus flavus, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici, Sarocladium oryzae, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, and Rhizoctonia solani. Two potential isolates, Streptomyces amritsarensis V31 and Kribella karoonensis MSCA185 showing high antifungal activity against all six fungal pathogens, were further evaluated after extraction of bioactive metabolites in different solvents. Metabolite extracted from S. amritsarensis V31 in different solvents inhibited Rhizoctonia solani (7.5–65%), Alternaria alternata (5.5–52.7%), Aspergillus flavus (8–30.7%), Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (25–44%), Sarocladium oryzae (11–55.5%), and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (29.7–40.5%); 1000 D diluted methanolic extract of S. amritsarensis V31 showed growth inhibition against R. solani (23.3%), A. flavus (7.7%), F. oxysporum (22.2%), S. oryzae (16.7%), and S. sclerotiorum (19.0%). Metabolite extracts of S. amritsarensis V31 significantly reduced the incidence of rice sheath blight both as preventive and curative sprays. Chemical profiling of the metabolites in DMSO extract of S. amritsarensis V31 revealed 6-amino-5-nitrosopyrimidine-2,4-diol as the predominant compound present. It was evident from the LC–MS analyses that S. amritsarensis V31 produced a mixture of potential antifungal compounds which inhibited the growth of different phytopathogenic fungi. The results of this study indicated that metabolite extracts of S. amritsarensis V31 can be exploited as a bio-fungicide to control phytopathogenic fungi.

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Acknowledgements

Authors are grateful to Director, ICAR-NBAIM, India, for financial and infrastructural support.

Funding

This work is a part of Indian Soil Microbiome project being implemented at ICAR-NBAIM, India.

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  1. Microbial Technology Unit II, ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms (NBAIM), Uttar Pradesh, Kushmaur, Mau, 275103, India

    Mohammad Shahid, Bansh Narayan Singh, Shaloo Verma, Prassan Choudhary, Sudipta Das, Hillol Chakdar, Kumar Murugan, Sanjay Kumar Goswami & Anil Kumar Saxena

  2. ICAR-Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research (IISR), Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow, 226002, India

    Sanjay Kumar Goswami

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  1. Mohammad Shahid
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Contributions

HC conceptualized the study. MS, BNS, SKG, SV, PC, and SD carried out experiments and generated the data. MS, BNS, and HC prepared the manuscript draft. HC, SV, and KM revised the draft. AKS and HC edited and finalized the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Hillol Chakdar.

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42770_2021_625_MOESM1_ESM.jpg

Supplementary file1 (JPG 554 KB) Supplementary Fig. 1. Antifungal activity of extracts of S. amritsarensis V31 in different solvents (ME, HE, DE, EE and CE) during well diffusion assay against fungal pathogens Alternaria alternata and Fusarium oxysporum. Here, ME=Methanolic extract, HE=Hexane extract, DE=DMSO (dimethylsulfoxide) extract, EE=Ethyl acetate extract and CE=Crude and different solvent without extract used as a control was denoted by M=Methanol, H=Hexane, D=DMSO, E=Ethyl acetate and C=Nutrient broth.

42770_2021_625_MOESM2_ESM.jpg

Supplementary file2 (JPG 841 KB) Supplementary Fig. 2. The figure represents the response of metabolite extracted from S. amritsarensis V31 on development of sheath blight disease caused by R. solani isolate PU RS1 in rice plants. R. solani isolate PU RS1 grown on PDA plate (a), rice plants grown at field (b), inoculation of sclerotia of R. solani isolate PU RS1 between leaves bases (c), moistening infected area with sterile distilled water (d) and covering of inoculated area with aseptic wet cotton (e), symptoms of sheath blight disease of rice caused by R. solani isolate PU RS1 was appeared at the infection site (in white circle) (f); and no symptom was appeared in metabolite extract sprayed before sclerotia inoculation on the rice leaves (g).

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Shahid, M., Singh, B.N., Verma, S. et al. Bioactive antifungal metabolites produced by Streptomyces amritsarensis V31 help to control diverse phytopathogenic fungi. Braz J Microbiol 52, 1687–1699 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42770-021-00625-w

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