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Phenotypic and molecular characterisation of Sporothrix globosa of diverse origin from India

Brazilian Journal of Microbiology volume 52, pages 91–100 (2021)Cite this article

Abstract

Sporotrichosis is one of the neglected tropical diseases causing subcutaneous chronic granulomatous lesion by thermally dimorphic fungi belonging to Sporothrix species. Sporothrix brasiliensis, Sporothrix mexicana and Sporothrix globosa are the common pathogenic species. In Asian countries, S. globosa constitutes nearly 99.3% of all Sporothrix species. We studied 63 cases of sporotrichosis of geographically diverse origin from India and Sporothrix isolates were characterised for its growth in different media, temperatures, ability to assimilate sugars and antifungal susceptibility profile. Molecular characterization was performed by sequencing of the calmodulin (CAL), beta tubulin (BT) and translational elongation factor 1-alpha (TEF-1α) and typing by fluorescent amplified fragment length polymorphism (FAFLP). In patients who presented with fixed (49.2%), lymphocutaneous lesions (23.8%), in 26.9% the details were not known, none had systemic dissemination. All the isolates tested were Sporothrix globosa and that could grow up to 35 °C and unable to grow at and beyond 37 °C. The assimilation of sucrose, ribitol and raffinose helps in identifying S. globosa. Sequences of CAL or BT or TEF-1α can differentiate S. globosa from other species in the complex. FAFLP results exhibited low genetic diversity. No correlation was noted between genotypes and clinical presentation, or geographic distribution. Itraconazole, terbinafine and posaconazole showed good in vitro antifungal activity against S. globosa whereas fluconazole and micafungin had no activity. S. globosa of Indian origin is relatively less pathogenic than other pathogenic Sporothrix species as it does not cause systemic dissemination and in the diagnostic laboratory, incubation of the cultures below 37 °C is essential for effective isolation.

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Affiliations

  1. Department of Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, Chandigarh, India

    Shivaprakash M. Rudramurthy, Shamanth A. Shankarnarayan, Harsimran Kaur, Anup K. Ghosh & Arunaloke Chakrabarti

  2. Hitech Laboratories, Belagavi, Karnataka, India

    Basavaraj M. Hemashetter

  3. Department of Microbiology, Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India

    Santwana Verma

  4. Department of Microbiology, Dr Rajendra Prasad Government Medical College, Tanda, Himachal Pradesh, India

    Smriti Chauhan

  5. Department of Microbiology, Assam Medical College, Dibrugarh, Assam, India

    Reema Nath

  6. Department of Microbiology, St. John’s Medical College, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India

    Jayanthi Savio

  7. Department of Medical Microbiology, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College, New Delhi, India

    Malini Capoor

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Rudramurthy, S.M., Shankarnarayan, S.A., Hemashetter, B.M. et al. Phenotypic and molecular characterisation of Sporothrix globosa of diverse origin from India. Braz J Microbiol 52, 91–100 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42770-020-00346-6

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Keywords

  • Sporotrichosis
  • Sporothrix globosa
  • Dimorphic fungi
  • Genetic typing
  • Antifungal
  • Calmodulin
  • Taxonomy