Abstract
Zinc (Zn) is an important trace element that is essential for optimal plant growth. Zinc-solubilising bacteria can release Zn from its insoluble compounds. We isolated and identified Zn-solubilising bacteria (ZnSB) from the rhizosphere, and semi-quantitively and quantitatively evaluated their ability to dissolve various Zn minerals (ZnO, ZnCO3 and Zn3(PO4)2). Out of 24 rhizosphere soil samples, 15 strains of Zn-solubilising bacteria were isolated and purified. Five isolates that were found to be the most efficient in solubilising insoluble Zn compounds were identified based on gene 16S rRNA sequencing. Three of the isolates belonged to the genus of Pseudomonas, and two to Enterobacter. The highest solubilisation index among the three insoluble Zn compounds was observed in Pseudomonas putida (3.31) in the culture medium containing ZnO. Among the three tested insoluble compounds, the highest mean solubility by the strains was obtained from ZnO, followed by ZnCO3, and Zn3(PO4)2, respectively. The highest rate of Zn release among the three insoluble compounds was obtained in the culture medium of the Pseudomonas fluorescence strain Ur22 (35.6 mg L−1), which was ten times as great as that of the background solubilisation observed in the sterile control culture medium (3.8 mg L−1). Zn solubilisation was associated with a strong pH decrease in the culture medium, the strongest for Pseudomonas fluorescence (Ur21), which lowered pH to 4.2 compared to the control at pH 6.8. We concluded that the identification of effective ZnSB, and their use as bio-fertiliser, will help improve plant nutrition and production.
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Acknowledgements
We gratefully thank Macrogen Corporation, South Korea, where the sequencing of the PCR product was performed. We also acknowledge the support of the Department of Soil Science, Urmia University.
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This study is funded by the Department of Soil Science, Urmia University.
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Conceptualisation: Fatemeh Hashemnejad, Mohsen Barin, Maryam Khezri and Youbert Ghoosta. Data acquisition and data analysis: Fatemeh Hashemnejad and Mohsen Barin. Writing and editing: Fatemeh Hashemnejad, Mohsen Barin, Maryam Khezri and Edith Hammer.
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Hashemnejad, F., Barin, M., Khezri, M. et al. Isolation and Identification of Insoluble Zinc-Solubilising Bacteria and Evaluation of Their Ability to Solubilise Various Zinc Minerals. J Soil Sci Plant Nutr 21, 2501–2509 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42729-021-00540-x
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42729-021-00540-x