Abstract
Spiromesifen is an agrochemical used to control sucking insect pests worldwide including Pakistan. Musca domestica is an important pest in both medical and veterinary entomology. It is a vector for many detrimental diseases in humans and animals. In this study, inheritance, and mechanism of resistance to spiromesifen were examined. After 13 rounds of selection with spiromesifen, significant increase (1092.72-fold) in resistance was observed in spiromesifen selected strain of M. domestica (SPIRO-SEL) as compared to susceptible population (SPIRO-SS). Spiromesifen toxicity was evaluated by the feeding bioassay method. Bioassays with synergists piperonyl butoxide (PBO) and S,S,S tributyl phosphorotrithioate (DEF) revealed that LC50 decreased when spiromesifen along DEF applied on SPIRO-SEL compared with spiromesifen alone that might be due to involvement of esterases. The synergistic ratios for synergists PBO and DEF to SPIRO-SEL were 1.36 and 4.36, respectively. No significant difference was observed between LC50 values of F1 and Fˆ1, which is an indication that resistance is not sex-linked. Values for degree of dominance were 0.20 and 0.23 for F1 and Fˆ1, respectively. Our results showed that inheritance of spiromesifen resistance is autosomal, polygenic, and incompletely dominant. Information obtained from these results will be helpful in developing better proactive insecticide resistance management program for M. domestica.
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We highly acknowledge Prof. (Retd.) Dr. Muhammad Aslam, Ph.D. (Kansas State University, USA) for taking the time to check the manuscript for improvement of English language. We are also thankful to Mr. Muhammad Abubakar, M.Sc. (Department of Entomology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Pakistan) for his technical assistance during the whole process.
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Hafiz Muhammad Usama Khan: Methodology, Formal analysis, Writing- Original draft. Rizwan Mustafa Shah: Conceptualization, Methodology, Data curation, Writing- review & editing. Sarfraz Ali Shad: Resources, Supervision. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Khan, H.M.U., Shah, R.M. & Shad, S.A. Inheritance of esterases based spiromesifen resistance in Musca domestica Linnaeus (Diptera: Muscidae). Int J Trop Insect Sci 43, 2001–2009 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42690-023-01105-4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42690-023-01105-4