Abstract
Pests are among the most important dangers threatening the existence and continuity of forests. Harmful insects cause great destruction in forests. The forestry organization performs chemical, mechanical, biotechnical, and biological control activities against pests and diseases in forests. Harmful insects are not as prominent and even ignored as forest fires in public sphere because their activities and damages do not appear suddenly, but the destruction caused by pests is understood after it becomes an epidemic. For this reason, it is vital to be informed about threats such as fires, insect epidemics, etc. that occur in forest areas as soon as possible and to fight with the support of the public. Kackar National Park is one of the areas with the richest ecotourism potential in Turkey. Forest pests are spread around the national park, causing serious damage to the forest and areas of cultural importance. Detection of forest pests that threaten the national park forests, which are the national treasure, is of critical importance for the sustainability of the area. There is a need to increase the knowledge and awareness levels of all segments of society in this respect. It was determined that only half of people who live in rural areas of Kackar Mountain National Park, which is located in the Eastern Black Sea Region, where intense insect damage was experienced for more than 60 years, have knowledge about forest pests. Also, 285.000 Rhizophagus grandis were reproduced and placed in forest trees in the scope of combating forest pests in the area, and 310 pheromone traps were placed in forest areas to determine the insect population and the management of the control. The 2.769.521 m3 Picea orientalis that was damaged was removed from the area.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
Data availability
Not applicable.
Code availability
Not applicable.
Referencess
Aksu Y (2002) Research On Pheromone Trap and Pheromone Preparation Trials Against Bark Beetles Named lps typographus, Blastophagus minor and Pityokteines curvidens, Which Damage Artvin Scotch Pine (Pinus sylvestris l.) and Spruce (Picea orientalis l) Forests, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Afairs, General Directorate of Protection and Control 2003, issue: 267, Ankara
Anonymous (2013) Rize Nature Tourism Master Plan 2013–2023, Forest General Directorate, 2013, Ankara
Anonymous (2021a) Trabzon Forest Regional Directorate, Combating Forest Pests Branch Office Records, 2021, Trabzon
Anonymous (2021b) Rize 12th Regional Directorate of Nature Protection and National Parks records, 2021, Rize
Brilha J (2002) Geoconservation and protected areas. Environ Conserv 29(3):273–276. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0376892902000188
Bruno JF, Bates AE, Cacciapaglia C, Pike EP, Amstrup SC, van Hooidonk R, Henson SA, Aronson RB (2018) Climate change threatens the world’s marine protected areas. Nat Clim Change 8:499–503
Inanc S, Ayaz H (2019) The role of local people ın the fight against forest pests: the case of artvin regional directorate of forestry. FEB Fresenius Environ Bull 28:4569–4578
Inanc Ozkan S (2021) Management of the control against forest pests in artvin spruce forests. Int J Trop Insect Sci 42:527–534
Jönsson AM, Appelberg G, Harding S, Bärring L (2009) Spatio-temporal impact of climate change on the activity and voltinism of the spruce bark beetle, Ips typographus. Glob Change Biol 15:486–499
Müller J, Bubler H, Gobner M, Rettelbach T, Duelli P (2008) The european spruce bark beetle ıps typographus ın a national park: from pest to keystone species. Biodivers Conserv 17:2979
Saout S, Hoffmannyichuan M, Hughescyril S, Bernardthomas M, Bertzkystuart BHM, Stuart BN, Rodrigues ASL (2013) Protected areas and effective biodiversity conservation. Science 342:803–805. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1239268
Temizkan SP, Yıldırım G (2014) The applıcatıon of local guidance within the context of sustainable tourism: The case of National Park at the Kackar Mountains. Electron J Soc Sci ISSN:1304–0278 13(49):124–149
Tilki F, Güner S, Tüfekçioğlu A (2005) Insect Damage (Ips typographus L.) In Artvin-Hatila valley national park and silvicultural studies ın natıonal parks, Protected Natural Areas Symposium, 8–10 September 2005, SDÜ, Isparta
TUIK (2021) Turkey statistics ınstitute, population and demographics. http://www.tuik.gov.tr/ Access: 28 Oct 2021
Watson JME, Dudley N, Segan DB, Hockings M (2014) The performance and potential of protected areas. Nature 515:69–77
Wermelinger B (2004) Ecology and management of the spruce bark beetle Ips typographus—a review of recent research. For Ecol Manag 202(1–3):67–82
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
There are was no conflict of interest.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Özkan, S.İ. The management of the control against forest pests in protected areas: Kackar Mountains National Park. Int J Trop Insect Sci 43, 1683–1689 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42690-023-01085-5
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42690-023-01085-5