Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Efficacy of Artificial diets on biological characteristics of oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae) in India

  • Original Research Article
  • Published:
International Journal of Tropical Insect Science Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) is one of the important pests of great economic significance causing serious fruit and vegetable damage in tropical and subtropical areas of the world occurs. This study aimed to investigate the effect of high fat diet on various physiological traits of females and a shift of sex ratios in favour of males to benefit biological control of this pest species. B. dorsalis individuals were collected from Punjab Agricultural University (PAU), Ludhiana, Punjab and the effect of coconut oil-based artificial diets differing in their relative levels of fat (5%, 10% and 20%) on stage-specific development, survival, hatchability were analysed at 21 °C, 65% Relative Humidity. The male: female (M/F) sex-ratios from individuals emerging from each of these diets were also scored. The findings of the study showed that B. dorsalis larvae and adults were able to survive on all three diets, although the stage-specific development and survival varied with High Fat Diet (HFD) concentration. Diet with 20% fat concentration showed most delayed development relatively to 10% and 5% concentration diet. The laboratory test showed that ingestion of fat significantly increased the development time (egg-larvae-pupae to adult) and caused increased mortality in pre-adult stages. A decrease in percentage pupation and adult emergence was also observed. Moreover, the data showed a significant shift in M/F ratios for regular food, HFD 5%, and HFD 10% with 46.7%, 45.7%, and 45.9% respectively and all female biased. Only HFD 20% produced male biased ratio of 74.4%. Adults fed on 20% HFD produced significantly fewer eggs as well as reversed the male: female sex ratio from 1:1.28 to 2.9: 1. The HFD diet elicited a higher adult lipid content, lower pupal production, adult emergence, and longer development, significantly affecting physiology of fruit flies. Field efficacy trials showed significant results with bait trap method and significantly increased the fruit yield by 51.09 Kg/tree as compared to the control. Hence, the present study illustrated the potential of HFD which can be exploited in integrated pest management strategies for capturing fruit fly pests of economic significance.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2

Similar content being viewed by others

Data Availability

The datasets used and/or analysed during the current study are included in this article and its supplementary information files available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

Abbreviations

HFD:

High fat diet

B. dorsalis :

Bactrocera dorsali

RF:

Regular Food

PAU:

Punjab Agricultural University

ns:

Nonsignificant

M/F ratio:

Male/Female ratio

SE:

Standard error

IPM:

Integrated pest management

MT:

Metric ton

SIT:

Sterile Insect Technique

References

  • Ashburner M (1989) Drosophila. A laboratory handbook. Cold spring harbor laboratory press

  • Chang CL (2017) Laboratory evaluation on a potential birth control diet for fruit fly sterile insect technique (SIT). Pestic Biochem Physiol 140:42–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pestbp.2017.06.002

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • de Aquino JC et al (2016) Adding guarana powder to medfly diets: an alternative for improving the sterile insect technique. Scientia Agricola 73(3):294–298. https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-9016-2014-0152

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Diop SB, Birse RT, Bodmer R (2017) High fat diet feeding and high throughput triacylglyceride assay in Drosophila Melanogaster. J Visualized Experiments 2017(127). https://doi.org/10.3791/56029

  • Ekesi S, Nderitu PW, Chang CL (2007) Adaptation to and small-scale rearing of invasive fruit fly Bactrocera invadens (Diptera: Tephritidae) on artificial diet. Ann Entomol Soc Am 100(4):562–567. https://doi.org/10.1603/0013-8746(2007)100[562:ATASRO]2.0.CO;2

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Geib SM et al (2014) Characterizing the developmental transcriptome of the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae) through comparative genomic analysis with Drosophila melanogaster utilizing modENCODE datasets. BMC Genomics 15(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2164-15-942

  • Hollingsworth RG, Vagalo M, Tsatsia F (1997) Biology of melon fly, with special reference to Solomon Islands. Manage Fruit Flies Pac 76:140–144

    Google Scholar 

  • Holman L, Kokko H (2013) The consequences of polyandry for population viability, extinction risk and conservation. Philosophical Trans Royal Soc B: Biol Sci 368(1613). https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2012.0053

  • Hou QL et al (2017) Adipokinetic hormone receptor gene identification and its role in triacylglycerol mobilization and sexual behavior in the oriental fruit fly (Bactrocera dorsalis). Insect Biochem Mol Biol 90:1–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibmb.2017.09.006

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hou QL et al (2020) Assessment of Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae) diets on adult fecundity and Larval Development: insights into employing the sterile insect technique. J Insect Sci 20(1). https://doi.org/10.1093/jisesa/iez128

  • IAEA (2021) Improving Rearing, Handling, and Field Components for Fruit Fly SIT Application. Available at: https://amdis.iaea.org/meetings/irradiated-tungsten-rcm1/

  • Jin T et al (2011) Insecticide resistance of the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae), in mainland China. Pest Manag Sci 67(3):370–376. https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.2076

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Koyama J, Teruya T, Tanaka K (1984) Eradication of the oriental fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) from the Okinawa Islands by a male annihilation method. J Econ Entomol 77(2):468–472. https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/77.2.468

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McInnis D, Leblanc L, Mau R (2007) ‘Melon fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) genetic sexing: all-male sterile fly releases in Hawaii.&#8217

  • Peck SL, Mcquate GT (2000) Field tests of environmentally friendly malathion replacements to suppress wild Mediterranean fruit fly (diptera: tephritidae) populations. J Econ Entomol 93(2):280–289. https://doi.org/10.1603/0022-0493-93.2.280

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Piñero JC et al (2009) Novel bait stations for attract-and-kill of pestiferous fruit flies. Entomol Exp Appl 133(2):208–216. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1570-7458.2009.00912.x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Prokopy RJ et al (2003) Effectiveness of GF-120 Fruit fly bait spray Applied to Border Area plants for control of melon flies (Diptera: Tephritidae). J Econ Entomol 96(5):1485–1493. https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/96.5.1485

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Roessler Y (1989) ‘Insecticidal bait and cover sprays. In: A. S. Robinson & G. Hooper (eds), Fruit Flies, their Biology, Natural Enemies and Control’, Elsevier, 3A, pp. 329–335

  • Schliekelman P, Ellner S, Gould F (2009) Pest Control by genetic manipulation of sex ratio. J Econ Entomol 98(1):18–34. https://doi.org/10.1603/0022-0493-98.1.18

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sharma DR, Singh S, Aulakh PS (2011) ‘Management of fruit flies in fruit crops’, Department of Horticulture, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana [Preprint]

  • Singh D, Ramniwas S, Kumar G (2021) Response to laboratory selection for darker and lighter body color phenotypes in Drosophila melanogaster: correlated changes for larval behavioral traits. Ethol Ecol Evol 33(4):419–443. https://doi.org/10.1080/03949370.2020.1845808

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • SONIYA T (2021) Effect of intercropping on growth and yield of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L). Annals of Plant and Soil Research 36–41. https://doi.org/10.47815/apsr.2021.10026

  • Stark JD, Vargas R (2009) An evaluation of alternative insecticides to diazinon for control of tephritid fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in soil. J Econ Entomol 102(1):139–143. https://doi.org/10.1603/029.102.0120

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Stark JD et al (2013) A comparison of the bioinsecticide, spinosad, the semi-synthetic insecticide, spinetoram and synthetic insecticides as soil drenches for control of tephritid fruit flies. Biopesticides Int 9(2):120–126

    Google Scholar 

  • Stark J et al (2014) Simulated field applications of insecticide soil drenches for control of tephritid fruit flies. Biopestic Int 10:136–142

    Google Scholar 

  • Steiner LF et al (1965) Oriental fruit fly eradication by male annihilation. J Econ Entomol 58(5):961–964. https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/58.5.961

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Steiner LF et al (1970) Eradication of the oriental fruit Fly1 from the Mariana Islands by the methods of male annihilation and sterile insect Release3. J Econ Entomol 63(1):131–135. https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/63.1.131

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vargas RI et al (2000) Methyl eugenol and cue-lure traps for suppression of male oriental fruit flies and melon flies (diptera: tephritidae) in Hawaii: Effects of lure mixtures and weathering. J Econ Entomol 93(1):81–87. https://doi.org/10.1603/0022-0493-93.1.81

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • ZAIN-UL-AABDIN A (2014) Effect of Natural and Artificial Diets on the Life History Parameters of Melon Fruit fly Bactrocera Cucurbitae (Coquillett). J Biol 4(3):144–150

    Google Scholar 

  • Bactrocera (Bactrocera) dorsalis (Hendel, 1912) in Evenhuis, N. L., & Pape, T. (2023). Systema Dipterorum. In O. Bánki, Y. Roskov, M. Döring, G. Ower, D. R. Hernández Robles, C. A. Plata Corredor, T. Stjernegaard Jeppesen, A. Örn, L. Vandepitte, D. Hobern, P. Schalk, R. E. DeWalt, M. Keping, J. Miller, T. Orrell, R. Aalbu, J. Abbott, R. Adlard, E. M. Adriaenssens, et al., Catalogue of Life Checklist (4.2.2, May 2023). Natural History Museum of Denmark. https://doi.org/10.48580/dfsr-3bz

  • QIN, Q. L., WANG, J. Y., XU, S. X., & GUO, J. Y. (2001). Impact factors determining offspring sex ratio of Microplitis mediator. Chinese Journal of Biological Control, 17(4), 155.

  • Fei, S. M., He, Y. P., He, F., Wang, L. H., Cai, X. H., & Chen, X. M. (2011). Researches on the distortion of sex ratio in dioecism population and its controlling hypothesis. Journal of Sichuan Forestry Science and Technology, 32(2), 23-37.

  • Junfeng, D., Chenzhu, W., & Junde, Q. (2001). Sex ratio distorters of insects and their action mechanism. Kun Chong zhi shi= Kunchong Zhishi, 38(3), 173-177.

  • Zhou, Z. S., Guo, J. Y., Chen, H. S., & Wan, F. H. (2010). Effects of temperature on survival, development, longevity, and fecundity of Ophraella communa (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), a potential biological control agent against Ambrosia artemisiifolia (Asterales: Asteraceae). Environmental Entomology, 39(3), 1021-1027.

  • Weems, H. V., Heppner, J. B., Steck, G. J., Fasulo, T. R., & Nation, J. L. (2012). Mexican Fruit Fly, Anastrepha ludens (Loew)(Insecta: Diptera: Tephritidae): EENY201/IN358, rev. 1/2012. EDIS, 2012(2).

  • Birse, R. T., Choi, J., Reardon, K., Rodriguez, J., Graham, S., Diop, S., ... & Oldham, S. (2010). High-fat-diet-induced obesity and heart dysfunction are regulated by the TOR pathway in Drosophila. Cell metabolism, 12(5), 533-544.

  • Heinrichsen, E. T., & Haddad, G. G. (2012). Role of high-fat diet in stress response of Drosophila.

  • Shi, Y., Jiang, H. B., Gui, S. H., Liu, X. Q., Pei, Y. X., Xu, L., ... & Wang, J. J. (2017). Ecdysis triggering hormone signaling (ETH/ETHR-A) is required for the larva-larva ecdysis in Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae). Frontiers in Physiology, 8, 587.

  • Gibbs, A. G., Chippindale, A. K., & Rose, M. R. (1997). Physiological mechanisms of evolved desiccation resistance in Drosophila melanogaster. Journal of Experimental Biology, 200(12), 1821-1832.

  • Bouchard Jr, R. W., Carrillo, M. A., & Ferrington Jr, L. C. (2006). Lower lethal temperature for adult male Diamesa mendotae Muttkowski (Diptera: Chironomidae), a winter-emerging aquatic insect. Aquatic Insects, 28(1), 57-66.

  • Hawkins, N. J., & Fraaije, B. A. (2018). Fitness penalties in the evolution of fungicide resistance. Annual review of phytopathology, 56, 339-360.

  • Wen, D. T., Zheng, L., Yang, F., Li, H. Z., & Hou, W. Q.(2018). Endurance exercise prevents high-fat-diet induced heart and mobilitypremature aging and dsir2 expression decline in aging Drosophila. Oncotarget,9(7), 7298–7311. https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.23292

  • Liao, S., Amcoff, M., & Nässel, D. R. (2021). Impact ofhigh-fat diet on lifespan, metabolism, fecundity and behavioral senescence inDrosophila. Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibmb.2020.103495

  • Schultzhaus, J. N., Bennett, C. J., Iftikhar, H., Yew, J. Y.,Mallett, J., & Carney, G. E. (2018). High fat diet alters Drosophilamelanogaster sexual behavior and traits: Decreased attractiveness and changesin pheromone profiles. Scientific Reports, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-23662-2

  • Heinrichsen, E. T., & Haddad, G. G. (2012). Role ofhigh-fat diet in stress response of Drosophila. PLoS ONE, 7(8). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0042587

  • Rivera, O., McHan, L., Konadu, B., Patel, S., Sint Jago, S.,& Talbert, M. E. (2019). A high-fat diet impacts memory and gene expressionof the head in mated female Drosophila melanogaster. Journal of ComparativePhysiology B: Biochemical, Systemic, and Environmental Physiology, 189(2),179–198. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00360-019-01209-9

  • Kayashima, Y., Murata, S., Sato, M., Matsuura, K., Asanuma,T., Chimoto, J., Ishii, T., Mochizuki, K., Kumazawa, S., Nakayama, T., &Yamakawa-Kobayashi, K. (2015). Tea polyphenols ameliorate fat storage inducedby high-fat diet in Drosophila melanogaster. Biochemistry and BiophysicsReports, 4, 417–424. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrep.2015.10.013

  • Woodcock, K. J., Kierdorf, K., Pouchelon, C. A., Vivancos,V., Dionne, M. S., & Geissmann, F. (2015). Macrophage-Derived upd3 CytokineCauses Impaired Glucose Homeostasis and Reduced Lifespan in Drosophila Fed aLipid-Rich Diet. Immunity, 42(1), 133–144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2014.12.023

  • Jung, J., Kim, D. I., Han, G. Y., & Kwon, H. W. (2018).The effects of high fat diet-induced stress on olfactory sensitivity,behaviors, and transcriptional profiling in Drosophila melanogaster. InternationalJournal of Molecular Sciences, 19(10). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19102855

  • Eickelberg, V., Rimbach, G.,Seidler, Y., Hasler, M., Staats, S., & Lüersen, K. (2022). Fat QualityImpacts the Effect of a High-Fat Diet on the Fatty Acid Profile, Life HistoryTraits and Gene Expression in Drosophila melanogaster. Cells, 11(24).

  • Murashov, A. K., Pak, E. S., Lin, C. Te, Boykov, I. N.,Buddo, K. A., Mar, J., Bhat, K. M., & Neufer, P. D. (2021). Preference anddetrimental effects of high fat, sugar, and salt diet in wild-caught Drosophilasimulans are reversed by flight exercise. FASEB BioAdvances, 3(1),49–64. https://doi.org/10.1096/fba.2020-00079

Download references

Acknowledgements

Authors are grateful to Chandigarh University.

Funding

Seema Ramniwas is grateful to the Department of Science and Technology (DST), New Delhi for the financial support through the SP/YO/775/2018G project and Divya Singh is also grateful to the Department of Science and Technology (DST) for the financial support through SP/YO/2019/1165(G).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. University Centre for Research and Development, Chandigarh University, 140413, Gharuan, Mohali, India

    Seema Ramniwas, Divya Singh & Aanchal Sharma

Authors
  1. Seema Ramniwas
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Divya Singh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Aanchal Sharma
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

Seema Ramniwas contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection and analysis were performed by Seema Ramniwas and Divya Singh. Data analysis and draft preparation level was performed by both the authors. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Seema Ramniwas. Aanchal Sharma helped in the revision of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Seema Ramniwas.

Ethics declarations

Ethics approval and consent to participate

Not applicable.

Consent for publication

Not applicable.

Competing interests

Authors declare no competing interests.

Additional information

Publisher’s Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Ramniwas, S., Singh, D. & Sharma, A. Efficacy of Artificial diets on biological characteristics of oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae) in India. Int J Trop Insect Sci 43, 1691–1700 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42690-023-01076-6

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42690-023-01076-6

Keywords

Search

Navigation