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Integration of insecticidal plant crude protein and the entomopathogenic fungus crude protein against the whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) Mitotype Asia II-1

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Abstract

The whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae), is a global pest of cotton crops. The whitefly causes severe damage to plants both directly and indirectly due to its high dispersal ability, small size, and high reproductive potential. Besides all the possible factors regarding the outbreak of whitefly populations, the major one is widespread use of insecticides, which not only cause resistance development in whiteflies but also cause mortality in beneficial insects. This study reports the integration of the insecticidal crude protein extracted from Citrullus colocynthis seed, Citrullus colocynthis fruit, Azadirachta indica leaves, Azadirachta indica seed, and insecticidal crude protein of Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae against Bemisia tabaci mitotype Asia II-1 under lab conditions. After 24, 48, 72, and 96 h, mortality percentage was recorded. Leaf dip bioassay method were used. Citrullus colocynthis seed crude protein + A. indica seed crude protein determined the highest rate of mortality (86.3 ± 1.66%) and (82.3 ± 1.66%), followed by C. colocynthis seed crude protein + B. bassiana crude protein (83.3 ± 1.66%) and (80.6 ± 2.88%), and C. colocynthis seed crude protein + A. indica leaf crude protein (80.3 ± 2.88%) and (78.3 ± 1.66%), respectively, after 96 h against the adult and nymphal instars of whitefly mitotype Asia II-1 under control condition. This study would help in the application of integration of plant crude protein and entomopathogenic fungi crude protein as alternative techniques for management of B. tabaci in the future.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are thankful to the institute of Plant Protection, MNS-University of Agriculture, Multan for supporting as financial grant.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Plant Protection, MNS University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan

    Owais Hameed, Mirza Abdul Qayyum, Shafqat Saeed & Unsar Naeem-Ullah

  2. Department of Agronomy, MNS University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan

    Muqarrab Ali

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  1. Owais Hameed
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  2. Mirza Abdul Qayyum
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  4. Unsar Naeem-Ullah
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Contributions

Hameed O executed the experiment. Qayyum MA and Saeed S helped in research planning and analytical work. Naeem-Ullah U and Ali M helped in planning and writing the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Owais Hameed or Mirza Abdul Qayyum.

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Hameed, O., Qayyum, M.A., Saeed, S. et al. Integration of insecticidal plant crude protein and the entomopathogenic fungus crude protein against the whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) Mitotype Asia II-1. Int J Trop Insect Sci 43, 1701–1713 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42690-023-01068-6

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