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Reducing postharvest losses of bean seeds during storage by using essential oil from Mondia whitei (Hook. f.)

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Abstract

During storage, Acanthoscelides obtectus causes deterioration of bean seeds and offers favorable conditions for fungi development. To prevent losses, the application of chemical pesticides is the most effective method, but it can cause both health and environmental problems. Therefore, researchers have developed Plant-based products that could serve as potential alternatives. This study assessed the efficiency of essential oil from Mondia whitei roots (MWEO) in the preservation of bean seeds. This oil was extracted from the roots by hydro-distillation with a yield of 1.5%. Gas Chromatography-Flame Ionization Detector (GC-FID) and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis revealed that MWEO was rich in 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-benzaldehyde accounting for 81%. The activity of this oil as an insecticide was evaluated both through contact and fumigation toxicity tests. Furthermore, the impact of the tested oil on germination of bean seeds and the inhibition of F1 progeny production of insects were investigated. MWEO exhibited excellent toxicity against adult A. obtectus with Lethal Dose 50 (LD50) of 0.15 µl/cm3 and 0.80 µl/g by fumigation and contact bioassay respectively. Compared to the control, MWEO significantly reduced F1 adult emergence and grain weight loss. However, it shows adverse effects on germination capability of seeds 3 months after treatment. The antifungal activity was assessed on some fungi strains previously isolated on bean seeds. Amongst the fungi tested, Aspergillus niger was the most susceptible with Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of 0.06 mg/ml. Our findings suggest that MWEO has a promising antifungal and insecticidal activities, and can therefore be used as a natural alternative and/or complementary to chemical pesticides.

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Availability of data and materials

The datasets generated during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

Abbreviations

GC-FID:

Gas Chromatography-Flame Ionization Detection

MS:

Mass Spectrometry

PDA:

Potato Dextrose Agar

MIC:

Minimum Inhibitor Concentration

MFC:

Minimum Fungicidal Concentration

MWEO:

Mondia whitei essential oil

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Acknowledgements

We wish to thank Dr Filippo Maggi from the School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, for gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of the essential oil.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, National Higher Polytechnic Institute, University of Bamenda, P.O. Box 39, Bambili, Cameroon

    Verlaine Woguem

  2. Department of Physiological Sciences and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences of Garoua, University of Garoua, P.O. Box 317, Garoua, Cameroon

    Hervet Paulain Dongmo Fogang

  3. Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon

    Hilaire Macaire Womeni

  4. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon

    Léon Azefack Tapondjou

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  1. Verlaine Woguem
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WV: conception, data acquisition, interpretation of data and writing. FH: conception, interpretation of data and review. WH: validation, design of the work and review. TL: original draft preparation design of the work and review. All authors read and approve the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Verlaine Woguem.

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Woguem, V., Fogang, H.P.D., Womeni, H.M. et al. Reducing postharvest losses of bean seeds during storage by using essential oil from Mondia whitei (Hook. f.). Int J Trop Insect Sci 43, 851–859 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42690-023-00998-5

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