Abstract
Biocontrol compared to chemical insecticides is an alternative to reduce the population size of an organism in an environmentally friendly way. Mixtures between plant extracts and microorganisms are an alternative to reduce mosquitoes´ resistance to the most commonly used insecticides. In this study, the effect of Metarhizium anisopliae was tested separately and in combination with Azadirachta indica seed extract against Anopheles albimanus larvae under laboratory conditions. Five fungal concentrations between 1 × 103 and 1 × 107 conidia/ml were tested for individual bioassays, and five concentrations between 0.1 and 1000 ppm neem extracts were used. The interaction between fungus and extract was tested at 1 × 103 conidia/ml, 1 × 104 conidia/ml and 1 × 105 conidia/ml with 1 ppm of A. indica extract in binary mixtures. Lethal concentrations 50 were 3.99 × 105 conidia/ml and 16 ppm for M. anisopliae and A. indica extract, respectively. The presence of 1 ppm of A. indica extract did not affect the germination of M. anisopliae conidia nor the fungus growth. Mixtures of 1 ppm A. indica extract and M. anisopliae conidia increased An. albimanus larvae mortality compared with each of these biocides alone and a synergistic effect was found. Results indicate that M. anisopliae and A. indica extract binary mixture is an excellent alternative for the biological control of An. albimanus larvae.
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Acknowledgements
We thank School of Basic and Applied Sciences at Universidad de La Salle for providing essential laboratory and mosquito colony facilities and Ph.D. Jesús Eduardo Escovar for training on mosquitoes group.
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Beltrán, M., Lozano, L.C. Synergistic larvicidal activity of Metarhizium anisopliae and Azadirachta indica extract against the malaria vector Anopheles albimanus. Int J Trop Insect Sci 43, 129–136 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42690-022-00924-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42690-022-00924-1