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Biocidal activity of green synthesized silver nanoformulation by Azadirachta indica extract a biorational approach against notorious cotton pest whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Homoptera; Aleyrodidae)

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Abstract

The whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) (Homoptera; Aleyrodidae) is one of the utmost destructive pests of field crops. The insect has developed resistance against synthetic pesticides due to repeated and undiscerning usage of pesticides having same mode of action. Solicitation of green synthesized silver nanoparticles (NPs) from Azadirachta indica extract is an emerging biological nanotechnology. It could prove to be a better substitute to synthetic pesticides for the proficient management of B. tabaci. The current study was premeditated for assessment of entomocidal impact of green synthesized silver NPs for the effective control of various life stages of B. tabaci under controlled conditions. Synthesis of the NPs was being done through standard protocols and surface morphology was confirmed by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM). Results revealed that silver nano formulation at 1200 ppm proved the most effective (41.11, 71.11, 80 and 82.22%) reduction in whitefly 3rd instar nymphs after 24, 48, 72 and 96 h of the post-treatment, respectively as compared to other concentrations of silver NPs used. The same concentration of silver NPs was also the most effective against adult population of whitefly, resulted in 37.77, 67.78, 76.66 and 77.77% suppression afterward 24, 48, 72 and 96 h application respectively. Rest of the concentrations gave the lower results. The LC50 data indicated that LC50 = 411.054 ppm concentration were required to kill the 50% of test population of 3rd instar nymphs of whitefly while LC50 = 465.331 ppm were required to kill the 50% of adult population of whitefly after 96 h exposure time. The assimilation of nanoparticles impregnated with biopesticides can be a best option to make the Integrated Pest Management (IPM) of whitefly successful leading to boost up the worth and value of cotton crop in the market.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are very thankful to MNS-University of Agriculture, Multan for providing research facility to conduct present experiment. The authors are also special thanks to Higher Education Commission (HEC) of Pakistan providing financial assistance in Indigenous 5000 PhD fellowship and supervisory committee for giving the valuable suggestions and comments for improvement of this manuscript.

Funding

Funding provided by Higher Education Commission (HEC) and MNS-University of Agriculture, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Plant Protection, MNS-University of Agriculture, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan

    Muhammad Shahid, Unsar Naeem-Ullah & Shafqat Saeed

  2. Department of Horticulture, MNS-University of Agriculture, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan

    Kashif Razzaq

  3. Nanobiotech Group, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Jhang Road, Faisalabad, Pakistan

    Waheed S. Khan

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  1. Muhammad Shahid
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  2. Unsar Naeem-Ullah
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Contributions

MS carried out the experiments, reared B. tabaci, collected the data, analyzed the data, and wrote the manuscript. UN designed and supervised the experiments, provided technical guidance; WSK critically reviewed the manuscript for intellectual gratified. SS and KR read and sanctioned the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Muhammad Shahid.

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Shahid, M., Naeem-Ullah, U., Khan, W.S. et al. Biocidal activity of green synthesized silver nanoformulation by Azadirachta indica extract a biorational approach against notorious cotton pest whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Homoptera; Aleyrodidae). Int J Trop Insect Sci 42, 2443–2454 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42690-022-00771-0

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