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Comparative study on the bionomics of Callosobruchus maculatus Fabricius (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in cowpea varieties (host) and common bean varieties (non-host): Findings revealed important food security information

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Abstract

Bionomics of Callosobruchus maculatus Fabricius (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in cowpea (host) and common bean seeds (non-host) were comparatively investigated in storage at ambient temperature (29.1°C) and relative humidity (73%) in Rivers State, Nigeria. Insect bionomics and concentrations of five toxic metals and five minerals were determined in cowpea and common bean varieties using standard methods. Results showed that the rates of infestation, development and damage by C. maculatus varied between the genus Vigna (cowpea) and Phaseolus (common bean) and within varieties of the same genus. It was possible to understand bionomics patterns of C. maculatus among the cowpea and common bean varieties; particularly observing that insects of the species C. maculatus do not feed in adulthood and do not develop in seeds of common bean, even when they were teased with very attractive seeds-brightly colored and mottled. The role of arsenic toxic metal in deterring C. maculatus bionomics and the roles of sodium, calcium and potassium minerals in making cowpea seeds susceptible to the beetle require more specific analysis. Interesting insect dynamics were observed and the new findings have implications for control of C. maculatus adults using thermal applications and oviposition-sensitive strategies. Temperature, relative humidity and surface texture affected C. maculatus performance. The adult C. maculatus preferred wet surface to dry surface and the mechanisms of orientation on surfaces were ortho and klino-kinetic reactions. This has implications for effective management of the pest by managers seeking to minimize seed damage and loss in stores.

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Acknowledgements

L.C. Nwosu acknowledges the contribution of Professor E.O. Ogunwolu to his research and publications. E.O. Ogunwolu is a good Teacher and a lovable Mentor held in high regard. A good Teacher is like a candle- it consumes itself to light the way for others. Professor E.O. Ogunwolu, your influence cannot be erased; your scholarly assistance and loving memories shall remain evergreen. Dr. Usman Zakka of University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria provided the digital thermometer and hygrometer used for the study.

Funding

The study was solely funded by the authors.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Crop and Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State, P.M.B. 5323, Choba, Port Harcourt, Nigeria

    Luke Chinaru Nwosu & Gold Ikodie

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  1. Luke Chinaru Nwosu
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  2. Gold Ikodie
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Gold Ikodie and Luke Chinaru Nwosu conducted experiments. Luke Chinaru Nwosu coordinated the research, analyzed the data and wrote the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Luke Chinaru Nwosu.

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Nwosu, L.C., Ikodie, G. Comparative study on the bionomics of Callosobruchus maculatus Fabricius (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in cowpea varieties (host) and common bean varieties (non-host): Findings revealed important food security information. Int J Trop Insect Sci 41, 2679–2694 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42690-021-00449-z

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