Abstract
Chitin is the second most abundant bio-polymer after cellulose in earth. This carbohydrate polymer is one of the major components of the cell wall of some micro-organisms and exoskeleton of certain invertebrates. Recent studies show the potential application of chitin and its derivatives in chemical, medical, agricultural, food technology, pollutant treatment and textile sectors. The traditional resources of chitin for industrial processing are crustacean shells and fungal mycelia. This work attempts to extract and characterize chitin from the edible insect Coridius nepalensis. The results were compared with the commercial chitin extracted from shrimp (Pandalus borealis). The chitin yield of from C. nepalensis was found to be 43.97% of its dry weight. The degree of acetylation was recorded as 57.67%. FT-IR spectrum showed the extracted chitin as α-allomorph. The peaks of the chitin extracted from C. nepalensis in X-ray diffractogram are less sharp compared to commercial shrimp chitin. Thus, the degree of acetylation, FT-IR spectrum and XRD show mixture of chitin and chitosan in the extracted chitin from C. nepalensis. The crystalline index (CrI110) for C. nepalensis and commercial shrimp chitin was calculated as 86.33% and 71.56% respectively. Scanning electron micrographs indicated granular surface morphology the extracted chitin of C. nepalensis, in contrast to commercial shrimp chitin, which was fibrous and porous. Thus, the present study indicates the possibility to use the adults of C. nepalensis as a new and alternative source of biomaterial.
References
Amine R, Khadija O (2018) Shrimp shells, chitin and chitosan powders effect on growth of Lycopersicon esculentum and their ability to induce resistance against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. radicis-lycopersici attack. Indian J Agric Res 52(5):512–517. https://doi.org/10.18805/IJARe.A-305
Aranaz I, Mengíbar M, Harris R, Paños I, Miralles B, Acosta N, Galed G, Heras Á (2009) Functional characterization of chitin and chitosan. Curr Chem Biol 3(2):203–230. https://doi.org/10.2174/187231309788166415
Cárdenas G, Cabrera G, Taboada E, Miranda SP (2004) Chitin characterization by SEM, FTIR, XRD, and 13C cross polarization/mass angle spinning NMR. J Appl Polym Sci 93(4):1876–1885. https://doi.org/10.1002/app.20647
Chatelet C, Damour O, Domard A (2001) Influence of the degree of acetylation on some biological properties of chitosan films. Biomaterials 22(3):261–268. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0142-9612(00)00183-6
Dahmane EM, Taourirte M, Eladlani N, Rhazi M (2014) Extraction and characterization of chitin and chitosan from Parapenaeus longirostris from Moroccan local sources. Int J Polym Anal Charact 19(4):342–351. https://doi.org/10.1080/1023666x.2014.902577
Distant WL (1902) Rynchota Vol III. In: Bingham GT (ed) Fauna of British India including Ceylon and Burma. Taylor and Francis, London, pp 398–399
Draczynski Z (2008) Honeybee corpses as an available source of chitin. J Appl Polym Sci 109(3):1974–1981. https://doi.org/10.1002/app.28356
Feás X, Vázquez-Tato MP, Seijas JA, Nikalje PG, Fraga-López F (2020). Extraction and physicochemical characterization of chitin derived from the Asian hornet, Vespa velutina Lepeletier 1836 (Hym.: Vespidae). Molecules. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25020384
Felt O, Furrer P, Mayer JM, Plazonnet B, Buri P, Gurny R (1999) Topical use of chitosan in ophtalmology: tolerance assessment and evaluation of precorneal retention. Int J Pharm 180:185–193. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-5173(99)00003-4
Focher B, Beltrame PL, Naggi A, Torri G (1990) Alkaline N-deacetylation of chitin enhanced by flash treatments. Reaction kinetics and structure modifications. Carbohydr Polym 12(4):405–418. https://doi.org/10.1016/0144-8617(90)90090-f
Focher B, Naggi A, Torri G, Cosani A, Terbojevich M (1992) Structural differences between chitin polymorphs and their precipitates from solutions—evidence from CP-MAS 13C-NMR, FT-IR and FT-Raman spectroscopy. Carbohydr Polym 17(2):97–102. https://doi.org/10.1016/0144-8617(92)90101-u
Gbenebor OP, Adeosun SO, Lawal GI, Jun S, Olaleye SA (2017) Acetylation, crystalline and morphological properties of structural polysaccharide from shrimp exoskeleton. Engineer Sci Technol Int J 20(3):1155–1165
Gogoi H, Moyong B, Sonia K, Umbrey C (2017) Species of Tari in Arunachal Pradesh: morphology, ecology and toxicity of entomophagy. J Bioresour 4(2):50–57
Ifuku S, Nomura R, Morimoto M, Saimoto H (2011) Preparation of chitin nanofibers from mushrooms. Materials 4(8):1417–1425. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma4081417
Jiao Y, Jha R, Zhang WL, Kim IH (2019) Effects of chitooligosaccharide supplementation on egg production, egg quality and blood profiles in laying hens. Indian J Anim Res 53(9):1199–1204. https://doi.org/10.18805/ijar.B-881
Kaya M, Lelešius E, Nagrockaitė R, Sargin I, Arslan G, Mol A, Baran T, Can E, Bitim B (2015a) Differentiations of chitin content and surface morphologies of chitins extracted from male and female grasshopper species. PLoS One 10(1):e0115531
Kaya M, Bağrıaçık N, Seyyar O, Baran T (2015b) Comparison of chitin structures derived from three common wasp species (Vespa crabro Linnaeus, 1758, Vespa orientalis Linnaeus, 1771 and Vespula germanica (Fabricius, 1793)). Arch Insect Biochem Physiol 89(4):204–217. https://doi.org/10.1002/arch.21237
Kaya M, Sofi K, Sargin I, Mujtaba M (2016) Changes in physicochemical properties of chitin at developmental stages (larvae, pupa and adult) of Vespa crabro (wasp). Carbohydr Polym 145:64–70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.03.010
Kaya M, Mujtaba M, Ehrlich H, Salaberria AM, Baran T, Amemiya CT, Galli R, Akyuz L, Sargin I, Labidi J (2017) On chemistry of γ-chitin. Carbohydr Polym 176:177–186. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.08.076
Labandeira CC, Sepkoski JJ (1993) Insect diversity in the fossil record. Science 261:310–315. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.11536548
Liu S, Sun J, Yu L, Zhang C, Bi J, Zhu F, Qu M, Jiang C, Yang Q (2012) Extraction and characterization of chitin from the beetle Holotrichia parallela Motschulsky. Molecules 17(4):4604–4611. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules17044604
Majtán J, Bíliková K, Markovič O, Gróf J, Kogan G, Šimúth J (2007) Isolation and characterization of chitin from bumblebee (Bombus terrestris). Int J Biol Macromol 40(3):237–241. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules17044604
Ong SY, Wu J, Moochhala SM, Tan MH, Lu J (2008) Development of a chitosan-based wound dressing with improved hemostatic and antimicrobial properties. Biomaterials 29(32):4323–4332. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2008.07.034
Peniche C, Argüelles-Monal W, Goycoolea FM (2008) Chitin and chitosan: major sources, properties and applications. In: Belgacem MN, Gandini a (ed) monomers, polymers and composites from renewable resources. Elsevier Science, pp 517-542. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-045316-3.00025-9
Qin C, Li H, Xiao Q, Liu Y, Zhu J, Du Y (2006) Water-solubility of chitosan and its antimicrobial activity. Carbohydr Polym 63(3):367–374. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2005.09.023
Sajomsang W, Gonil P (2010) Preparation and characterization of α-chitin from cicada sloughs. Mater Sci Eng C 30(3):357–363. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2009.11.014
Shahidi F, Abuzaytoun R (2005) Chitin, chitosan, and co-products: chemistry, production, applications, and health effects. Adv Food Nutr Res 49:93–137. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1043-4526(05)49003-8
Synowiecki J, Al-Khateeb NA (2003) Production, properties, and some new applications of chitin and its derivatives. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 43(2):145–171. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408690390826473
Varun TK, Senani S, Kumar N, Gautam M, Gupta R, Gupta M (2017) Extraction and characterization of chitin, chitosan and chitooligosaccharides from crab shell waste. Indian J Anim Res 51(6):1066–1072. https://doi.org/10.18805/ijar.v0iOF.8456
Waśko A, Bulak P, Polak-Berecka M, Nowak K, Polakowski C, Bieganowski A (2016) The first report of the physicochemical structure of chitin isolated from Hermetia illucens. Int J Biol Macromol 92:316–320. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.07.038
Xu J, McCarthy SP, Gross RA, Kaplan DL (1996) Chitosan film acylation and effects on biodegradability. Macromolecules 29(10):3436–3440. https://doi.org/10.1021/ma951638b
Younes I, Rinaudo M (2015) Chitin and chitosan preparation from marine sources. Structure, properties and applications. Mar Drugs 13(3):1133–1174. https://doi.org/10.3390/md13031133
Zhang M, Haga A, Sekiguchi H, Hirano S (2000) Structure of insect chitin isolated from beetle larva cuticle and silkworm (Bombyx mori) pupa exuvia. Int J Biol Macromol 27(1):99–105. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0141-8130(99)00123-3
Funding
This work is financially supported by DST-PURSE (GOI-A-670) and UGC- CAS III, Savitribai Phule Pune University.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest.
Additional information
Publisher’s note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Sharbidre, A., Sargar, S., Gogoi, H. et al. Characterization of chitin content extracted from edible insect, Coridius nepalensis (Westwood, 1837) (Hemiptera: Dinidoridae). Int J Trop Insect Sci 41, 1893–1900 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42690-020-00386-3
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42690-020-00386-3