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Blood flow through a 3D stenosed artery and its constrained bypass graft design

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Abstract

Purpose

Because arteries transport blood that is rich in nutrients and oxygen to cells, its narrowing or obstruction can affect how well tissues are nourished. The hemodynamic patterns of these vessels have a significant impact on their structural stability and long-term patency. Bypass grafts are used to circumvent stenotic arteries. Here, blood flow through a stenosed coronary bypass with size constraints is studied. The effect of graft-vessel(host) diameter ratio, degree of stenosis, and blood flow ranging from resting to active conditions is examined.

Methods

A three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics study was performed to examine a stenosed artery with different bypass designs. The absence of a volume constraint for the graft can lead to unrealistic predictions. Therefore, in the present study, we carefully accounted for the restriction on graft volume, recognizing that the space available for the bypass graft is not boundless. In addition, the Carreau-Yasuda model was used to study blood flow. Blood velocity and shear stress profiles and blood flow resistance are investigated in a grafted blood vessel with varying degrees of stenosis and graft-to-vessel diameter ratios at various Reynolds numbers.

Results

The velocity and distribution of shear stress distributions for various blood flow rates are obtained, and blood flow resistances are calculated. It can be observed that recirculation zones can form in stenosed vessels, especially in more severe degrees of stenosis. It is only safe for lower degrees of stenosis to keep the stenosed region of the vessel permeable to blood flow, both in terms of not being significantly different from flow conditions in a healthy vessel and the structural integrity of the graft.

Conclusion

The appropriate design for the bypass graft must consider not only the value of resistance to blood flow but also the stresses that are produced in the walls. Therefore, both these key quantities have a significant impact on abidance and patency following artery bypass surgery.

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Data availability

The data that support the findings of this study are available upon request.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physics, University of Evora & Institute of Earth Sciences, Evora, Portugal

    Antonio F. Miguel

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  1. Antonio F. Miguel
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Correspondence to Antonio F. Miguel.

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Miguel, A.F. Blood flow through a 3D stenosed artery and its constrained bypass graft design. Res. Biomed. Eng. 40, 297–305 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42600-023-00330-7

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