Abstract
Purpose
Ultrasound contrast agent (UCA), used to enhance the contrast in ultrasonography, consists of microbubbles filled with an inert gas and encapsulated with a protein or a lipidic-stabilize membrane. The UCAs are able to resonate when exposed to ultrasound waves and to generate an echo-acoustic signal with increased intensity. Recently, a technique to produce UCA from microorganisms was developed and it consists of lysing microorganism cells to obtain gas vesicle (GV) after cultivation in the laboratory. GVs occur almost exclusively in aquatic microorganisms, as Microcystis aeruginosa (MYC), and provide buoyancy which permit to float towards the water surface. This work implemented a technique to produce GVs from MYC, at the Ultrasound Laboratory, and inspected their properties of acting as UCAs, analyzed through ultrasonic images acquired at 40 MHz, and their structural characteristics such as morphology, diameter, and length.
Methods
After the cultivation of MYC, the buoyant cells with GVs were separated from the culture medium and submitted to cell lysis with chemical treatment. Thereafter, the solution with lysed cells was centrifuged, at 300g during 8 h at 4–8 °C, to isolate the GVs (absorbance 0.6, λ = 500 nm).
Results
Transmission electron microscopy inspection revealed the MYC-GVs with elliptical morphology and having a diameter between 100 and 150 nm and length near to 200 nm. B-mode ultrasound images of the solutions proved the GV’s ability to generate an echo signal, thus confirming their performance as UCAs.
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Acknowledgments
The authors thank the collaboration from Cyanobacteria Ecophysiology and Toxicology Laboratory (LETC), from Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute from Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ).
Funding
This study was financially supported by the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq), the Brazilian Federal Agency for Support and Evaluation of Higher Education (CAPES), and the Carlos Chagas Filho Foundation for Research Support of the State of Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ).
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Garrute, F.V., Machado, J.C. Gas vesicle isolated from microorganisms to act as ultrasound contrast agent. Res. Biomed. Eng. 37, 1–7 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42600-020-00093-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42600-020-00093-5