Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

A novel model to simulate venous occlusion plethysmography data and to estimate arterial and venous parameters

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Research on Biomedical Engineering Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Introduction

Several models of venous occlusion plethysmography (VOP) aim to detect venous mechanical dysfunctions. However, such models ignore arterial contribution to plethysmographic signal. Arterial resistance is an important factor because it regulates blood inflow through veins. Furthermore, modeling arterial compliance and resistance permits evaluation of arterial pressure throughout VOP protocol.

Method

This study presents a new simulation model and VOP data interpretation, making it possible to estimate arterial and venous mechanical characteristics. The model was evaluated using VOP data obtained under different vascular conditions (placebo, post-ibuprofen, and post-exercise).

Results

Estimated mean values of venous compliance were 0.34 ml/mmHg (placebo), 0.33 ml/mmHg (post-ibuprofen), and 0.27 ml/mmHg (post-exercise). The corresponding estimated values of venous resistance were 11.55 mmHg s/ml (placebo), 10.58 mmHg s/ml (post-ibuprofen), and 8.84 mmHg s/ml (post-exercise). The estimated mean values of arteriolar resistance were 132.14 mmHg s/ml (placebo), 123.93 mmHg s/ml (post-ibuprofen), and 95.36 mmHg s/ml (post-exercise).

Conclusion

The estimated values are consistent with previous VOP model results and with expected physiological behavior. The proposed model can provide further information for studies using the VOP technique including studies involving exercise, reactive hyperemia, mental stress, body temperature changes, and vasomotor substance administration.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Anderson FA Jr, Durgin WW, Wheeler HB. Interpretation of venous occlusion plethysmography using a nonlinear model. Med Biol Eng Comput. 1986;24:379–85.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Anderson EA, Mark AL. Flow-mediated and reflex changes in large peripheral artery tone in humans. Circulation. 1989;79:93–100.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Choudhury AD. Benerjee R. Sinha A. Kundu S. Estimating blood pressure using wiindkessel modelo n photoplethysmogram. Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2014:4567–70.

  • Daiber A, Chlopicki S. Revisiting pharmacology of oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction in cardiovascular disease: evidence for redox-based therapies. Free Radic Biol Med. 2020. In press;157:15–37.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • de Logu F, Puma SL, Landini L, Tuccinardi T, Poli G, Preti D, et al. The acyl-glucuronide metabolite of ibuprofen has analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects via the TRPA1 channel. Pharmacol Res. 2019;142:127–39.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Eiken O, Kölegard R. Comparation of vascular distensibility in the upper and lower extremity. Acta Physiol Scand. 2004;181:281–7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fokunang CN, Fokunang ET, Frederick K, Ngameni B, Ngadjui B. Overview of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (nsaids) in resource limited countries. MOJ Toxicol. 2018;4(1):5–13.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hall JE. Guyton and Hall textbook of medical physiology. 1st ed. Amman: Elsevier; 2016.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hoeks APG, Samijo SK, Brands PJ, Reneman RS. Noninvasive determination of shear-rate distribution across the arterial lumen. Hypertension. 1995;26:26–33.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hokanson DE. EC6 plethysmograph manual. EUA: Hokanson; 1998.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jonhson SA, Litwin NS, Seals DR. Age-related vascular dysfunction: what registered dietitian nutritionists need to know. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2019;119(11):1785–96.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Junejo RT, Ray CJ, Marshall JM. Cuff inflation time significantly affects blood flow recorded with venous occlusion plethysmography. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2019;119:665–74.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kim WJ, Kim JW, Moon YJ, Kim SH, Hwang GS, Shin WJ. The photoplethysmographic amplitude to pulse pressure ratio can track sudden changes in vascular compliance and resistance during liver graft reperfusion: a beat-to-beat analysis. Medicine. 2017;96(22):e7045.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kundu RN, Biswas S, Das M. Mean arterial pressure classification: a better toll for statistical interpretation of blood pressure related risk covariates. Cardiol Angiol. 2017;6(1):1–7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lee J. Noh HJ. Yoon YR. Yoon HR. Lee KJ. Mathematical model of venous occlusion plethysmography for diagnosing deep vein thrombosis. Proceedings of the 23rd Annual EMBS International Conference. Istanbul; Turkey. 2001:25–8.

  • Macedo AR. Nobrega, ACL, Souza MN. Blood flow dynamics characteristics based on plethysmographic measurements. XXIV Congress of the International Society of Biomechanics. XV Brazilian Congress of Biomechanics. Porto de Galinhas; 2013.

  • Macedo AR, Nobrega ACL, Machado JC, Souza MN. Assessment of characteristic of the vasomotor control dynamics based on plethysmographic blood flow measurement. Physiol Meas. 2008;29:205–15.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Magder S. Volume and its relationship to cardiac output and venous return. Critical Care. 2016;20(1):271–81.

  • Margaritelis NV, Paschalis V, Theodorou AA, Kyparos A, Nikolaidis MG. Redox basis of exercise physiology. Redox Biol. 2020;35:101499. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.redox.2020.101499.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Naylor HL, Shoemaker JK, Bock RW, Hughson RL. Prostaglandin inhibition causes an increase in reactive hyperemia after ischemia exercise in human forearm. Clin Physiol. 1999;19:211–20.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nejad E, Carey JP, McMurtry MS, Hahn JO. Model-based cardiovascular disease diagnosis: a preliminary in-silico study. Biomech Model Mochano Biol. 2017;16(2):549–60.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Olver D, Reid SM, Smith AR, Zamir M, Lemon PWR, Laughlin MH, et al. Effects of acute and chronic interval sprint exercise performed on manually propelled treadmill on upper limb vascular mechanics in health young men. Phys Rep. 2016;4(3):e12861.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Oue A, Sato K, Yoneya M, Sadamoto T. Decreased compliance in the deep and superficial conduit veins of the upper arm during prolonged cycling exercise. Plysiol Reports. 2017;5(8):e13253.

  • Oue A, Saito M, Iimura Y. Effect of short-term endurance training on venous compliance in the calf and forearm differs between continuous and interval exercise in humans. Phys Rep. 2019;7(17):e14211.

    Google Scholar 

  • Park KH, Park WJ. Endothelial dysfunction: clinical implications in cardiovascular disease and therapeutic approaches. J Korean Med Sci. 2015;30:1213–25.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Peng LP, Wen J, Yang K, Zhao SL, Dai J, Liang ZS, et al. Effects of arterial blood on the venous blood vessel wall and differences in percentages of lymphocytes and neutrophils between arterial and venous blood. Medicine. 2018;97(26):e11201.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pescatello L, Fargo AE, Leach CN, Scherzer HH. Short-term effect on dynamic exercise on arterial blood pressure. Circulation. 2014;83(5):1557–61.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Planken RN, Keuter XH, Kessels AG, Hoeks AP, Leiner T, Tordoir JH. Forearm cephalic vein cross-sectional area changes at incremental congestion pressures: towards a standardized and reproducible vein mapping protocol. J Vasc Surg. 2006;44:353–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Roelofs E, Smith-Ryan A, Trexler ET, Hirsch KR, Mock MG. Effects of pomegranate extract on blood flow and vessel diameter after high-intensity exercise in young, health adults. Eur J Sport Sci. 2017;17(3):317–25.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ruchti TL. Brown RH. Feng X. Jeutter DC. Estimation of systemic arterial parameters for control of an electrically actuated total artificial heart. IEE Circuits and Systems Proceedings of the 32nd Midwest Symposium. Champaign. IL; USA. 1989: 640–3.

  • Salisbury D, Brown RJL, Bronas UG, Kirk LN, Treat-Jacobson D. Measurement of peripheral blood flow in patients with peripheral artery disease: methods and considerations. Vasc Med. 2018;23(2):163–71.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sandblom E, Axelsson M, McKenzie DJ. Venous responses during exercise in rainbow trout. Oncorhynchus mykiss: alpha-adrenergic control and antihypotensive function of the renin-angiotensin system. Comp Biochem Phys Part A. 2006;144:401–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Seagar AD, Gibbs JM, Davis FM. Interpretation of venous occlusion plethysmography measurements using a simple model. Med Biol Eng Comput. 1984;22:12–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shi Y, Lawford P, Hose DR. Construction of a lumped-parameter cardiovascular models using the CellML language. J Med Eng Technol. 2018;42(7):525–31.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shimizu S, Une D, Kawada T, Hayama Y, Kamiya A, Shishido T, et al. Lumped parameter model for hemodynamic simulation of congenital heart disease. J Physiol Sci. 2018;68(2):103–11.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Silva BM, Neves FJ, Rocha NG, Cagy M, Souza MN, Nóbrega ACL. Intra- and inter-tester reproducibility of venous occlusion plethysmography: comparison between a manual and a semi-automatic method of blood flow analysis. Physiol Meas. 2009;30:1267–79.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sinton AM, Seagar AD. Automated venous occlusion plethysmography. Med Biol Eng Comput. 1988;26:295–302.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Skoog J, Zachrisson H, Lindenberger M, Ekman M, Ewerman L, Länne T. Calf venous compliance measured by venous occlusion plethysmography: methodological aspects. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2015;115:245–56.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Storch AS, Mattos JD, Alves R, Galdino IS, Rocha HNM. Melhods of endothelial function assessment: description and applications. Int J Cardiovasc Sci. 2017;30(3):262–73.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tansey EA, Montgomery LEA, Quinn JG, Roe SM, Johnson CD. Understanding basic vein physiology and venous blood pressure through simple physical assessment. Adv Physiol Educ. 2019;43:423–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Turner IC, McNally MA, O’Connell BM, Cooke EA, Kernohan WG, Mollan RAB. Numerical model of deep venous thrombosis detection using venous occlusion plethysmography. Med Biol Eng Comput. 2000;38:348–55.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vlachopoulos C, Xaplanteris P, Aboyans V, Brodmann M, Ciková R, Cosentino F, et al. The role of vascular biomarkers for primary and secondary prevention. A position paper from to European Society of Cardiology working group on peripheral circulation endorsed by the Association for Research into Arterial Structure and Physiology (ARTERY) Society. Atherosclerosis. 2015;241:507–32.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This research was supported by the Brazilian governmental agencies: the National Counsel of Technological and Scientific Development (CNPq) and the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Level or Education-Personnel (CAPES).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

    Adriana Ribeiro de Macedo

  2. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

    João Carlos Machado & Marcio Nogueira de Souza

  3. Petrobras Transporte, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

    Leonardo Müller Sarcinelli Luz

  4. Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil

    Antonio Claudio Lucas da Nobrega

  5. Department of Electronics, Engineering School, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

    Marcio Nogueira de Souza

Authors
  1. Adriana Ribeiro de Macedo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. João Carlos Machado
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Leonardo Müller Sarcinelli Luz
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Antonio Claudio Lucas da Nobrega
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Marcio Nogueira de Souza
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Adriana Ribeiro de Macedo.

Ethics declarations

This study was performed in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Additional information

Publisher’s note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

de Macedo, A.R., Machado, J.C., Luz, L.M.S. et al. A novel model to simulate venous occlusion plethysmography data and to estimate arterial and venous parameters. Res. Biomed. Eng. 36, 463–473 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42600-020-00087-3

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42600-020-00087-3

Keywords

Search

Navigation