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Deciphering the antimycobacterial, cytotoxicity and phytochemical profile of Entada abyssinica stem bark

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Abstract

Organic (acetonic, chloroform, methanolic and hexanic) extracts of Entada abyssinica stem bark were screened for their antimycobacterial, cytotoxicity and phytochemical profiles. Microplate Alamar Blue and MTT assays were used to establish the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the extracts against Mycobacterium smegmatis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and median cytotoxic concentrations (CC50) against Vero E6 cells, respectively. The most bioactive extracts were subjected to phytochemical screening, FTIR and GC/MS analyses. Results obtained showed that acetonic and methanolic extracts were the most bioactive (MIC range: 125 to 468 µg/mL) while the CC50 of all the extracts were greater than 500 µg/mL. GC/MS analysis revealed 14 compounds in the acetonic and methanolic extracts and these were mainly esters. Of these, a known antimycobacterial compound (oleic acid) was identified. We conclude that acetonic and methanolic extracts of Entada abyssinica stem bark possess promising antimycobacterial activity, indicating the need to isolate pure compounds and test them in an effort to unveil novel and more effective antitubercular drugs.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to David Mutende, Evarest Natugonza and Peter Kizito of Directorate of Government Analytical Laboratory, Kampala (Uganda) for the technical assistances offered during GC-MS analysis.

Funding

This research was supported by International Foundation for Science and Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (Grant No. I-1-F-6451-1) and Africa Center of Excellence II in Phytochemicals, Textile and Renewable Energy (Credit No. 5798-KE).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Busitema University, Mbale, Uganda

    Samuel Baker Obakiro

  2. Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya

    Samuel Baker Obakiro & Ambrose Kiprop

  3. Institute of Chemistry of Renewable Resources, Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Tulln, Austria

    Timothy Omara

  4. Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda

    Lydia Bunalema

  5. Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Masinde-Muliro University of Science and Technology, Kakamega, Kenya

    Isaac Kowino

  6. Centre of Traditional Medicine and Drug Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya

    Elizabeth Kigondu

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  1. Samuel Baker Obakiro
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  2. Timothy Omara
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  3. Ambrose Kiprop
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  4. Lydia Bunalema
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  5. Isaac Kowino
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Correspondence to Timothy Omara.

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Approval for this study was granted by the Scientific and Ethics Research Unit of Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kenya (KEMR/SERU/CTMDR/CSCP085/4067).

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Obakiro, S.B., Omara, T., Kiprop, A. et al. Deciphering the antimycobacterial, cytotoxicity and phytochemical profile of Entada abyssinica stem bark. Vegetos (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42535-023-00732-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42535-023-00732-z

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