Abstract
To understand the impact of menthol on metabolism and cellular architecture, we have identified the menthol menthol-responsive proteome of Candida albicans. LC–MS/MS analysis showed that an abundance of 337 proteins (333 up-regulated and four down-regulated) involved in gene expression, metabolism, cell wall and membrane, proteolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, stress, transport, cytoskeleton and cell cycle and replication, etc., were modulated in response to menthol (MIC50). There was a significant modification of the cell wall and membrane as biosynthesis of ergosterol, mannose, glycan, and sphingolipids was enhanced by menthol. Biosynthesis of amino acids, viz., leucine, serine, aspartate, etc., as well as the rate of glycolysis, pentose phosphate pathway, and glycogen metabolism followed by the TCA cycle, was also enhanced in response to menthol. In addition, the rate of oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) and oxidative stress response has increased in our study. Differential abundance of proteins suggests that menthol affects cell wall and membrane integrity by exerting oxidative stress. Oxidative stress-mediated DNA damage induces nucleolar stress (enhanced Rpl11) and cell cycle arrest (down-regulation of Cdc37), which leads to apoptosis in C. albicans. Our study provides insight into the menthol-induced modulation of metabolism, cell wall, and membrane architecture followed by cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in C. albicans.
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Data availability
Raw LC–MS/MS data are available at PeptideAtlas as PASS01088.
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Acknowledgements
The authors are thankful to Dr. Anand Bhalerao, Vice Chancellor, Central University of Rajasthan, bandersindri, NH-8, Kishangarh Dist. Ajmer India, for his encouragement and constant support. Dr. Mahesh Kulkarni is thanked for availing LC-MS/MS facility.
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G. Z. , A. T. and S. K. conceptualized the idea; G. Z. , A. T. and S. K. designed microbiological experiments; A. T., M. A., performed microbiological experiments; R. P, R. K. carried out RT-qPCR, performed LC-MS/MS and analyzed data. G. Z. and A.T. wrote MS.
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42485_2024_138_MOESM2_ESM.tiff
Supplementary file2 (TIFF 772 KB Figure 1 Heat map of the fold change of proteins in individual replicates. Red is for up-regulated proteins, and blue is for down-regulated proteins.)
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Thakre, A., Abdulghani, M., Kazi, R. et al. Menthol-responsive proteome of Candida albicans. J Proteins Proteom (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42485-024-00138-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42485-024-00138-8