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Properties of compatibilised kenaf-filled recycled high-density polyethylene/natural rubber blends under natural weathering condition

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Abstract

In this study, a novel polymeric blend was developed using recycled high-density polyethylene (rHDPE) and natural rubber (NR), along with kenaf fibre as a natural filler. In addition, the blends were compatibilised by maleic anhydride-grafted polyethylene (MAPE) and maleic anhydride-grafted natural rubber (MANR). In addition, this study focussed on the material’s properties after the natural weathering test. Results indicated that the tensile properties dropped over the period of natural weathering due to the chain scission of polymeric backbones and the degradation of kenaf fibre. It was found that the retention of properties after natural weathering was higher over the addition of kenaf fibre. When considering the tensile strength, adding only 10 phr of kenaf enabled to increase the retention up to 25% higher than the unfilled counterpart. However, the retained properties were limited for the blends with the addition of compatibilisers. Adding compatibilisers might speed up the degradation of the blends due to its tendency to promote degradation. This is very useful for plastic manufacturers to consider this material a choice either to act as a performance booster or a pro-degradant.

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The data presented in this study are available on request.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank the Research and Development Office (RDO), Prince of Songkla University, and Assoc. Prof. Dr. Seppo Karrila for assistance with manuscript preparation.

Funding

This study was conducted using internal funding from Prince of Songkla University and Universiti Sains Malaysia.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Polymer Materials, Faculty of Materials Technology, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

    Cao Xuan Viet

  2. Rubber Engineering and Technology Program, International College, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand

    Abdulhakim Masa

  3. School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Engineering Campus, 14300, Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia

    Raa Khimi Shuib & Hanafi Ismail

  4. Department of Rubber Technology and Polymer Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Prince of Songkla University, Pattani Campus, Pattani, 94000, Thailand

    Nabil Hayeemasae

Authors
  1. Cao Xuan Viet
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  2. Abdulhakim Masa
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  3. Raa Khimi Shuib
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  4. Hanafi Ismail
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  5. Nabil Hayeemasae
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Contributions

CXV: conceptualisation, data curation, investigation, formal analysis. AM: software, methodology, writing—review and editing. RKS: conceptualisation, methodology, writing—review and editing. HI: methodology, writing—eview and editing. NH: conceptualisation, project administration, supervision, validation, visualisation, writing—review and editing. All the authors reviewed the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Nabil Hayeemasae.

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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest. In addition, the authors declare that they have no known financial interests or personal relationships with other people or organisations that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

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Viet, C.X., Masa, A., Shuib, R.K. et al. Properties of compatibilised kenaf-filled recycled high-density polyethylene/natural rubber blends under natural weathering condition. J Rubber Res 26, 17–26 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42464-023-00194-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42464-023-00194-7

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