Retraction Note: Discover Applied Sciences (2023) 5:53 https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-023-05277-z.


The Editor-in-Chief and the publisher have retracted this article. The article was submitted to be part of a guest-edited issue. An investigation by the publisher found a number of articles, including this one, with a number of concerns, including but not limited to compromised editorial handling and peer review process, inappropriate or irrelevant references or not being in scope of the journal or guest-edited issue. Based on the investigation's findings, the Editor-in-Chief therefore no longer has confidence in the results and conclusions of this article.

The author, Jin Lu, disagrees with this retraction. The author, Xiaoting Wan, has not responded to correspondence regarding this retraction.