Abstract
In this paper, the limits of models different accuracy applicability in the simulation of aircraft rough landing on a runway was analyzed. Three models were considered: a detailed global model, an elastic beam model that takes into account stiffness and mass-inertial characteristics, and an absolutely rigid beam model that takes into account only mass-inertial characteristics. The reduction of the detailed model to the beam ones was carried out according to the beam theory. As a result, the forces acting to the main landing gear were obtained for various combinations of vertical and horizontal speeds, pitch and roll angles. The errors of the beam models relative to the detailed one were obtained and the limits of their applicability were given.
Similar content being viewed by others
Data availability
All data are available.
References
Buryakov VM, Egorov GS, Eremin VA et al (1990) To the pilot about the prevention of rough landings. Transport, Moscow
Stabilized approach and flare are keys to avoiding hard landings. Flight Safety Digest 23(8): 2004
Wang Lei, Changxu Wu, Sun Ruishan, Cui Zhenxin (2014) An analysis of hard landing incidents based on flight QAR data. Conference. https://doi.org/10.1007/9783-3-319-07515-0_40
Wang HG (2019) Risk analysis of flight hard landing based on data statistics. 2019 IEEE 3rd Advanced Information Management Communicates, Electronic and Automation Control Conference. https://doi.org/10.1109/IMCEC46724.2019.8983833
Wang C, Miao L, Sun H (2016) An analysis based on special hard landing incident. 3rd International Conference on Materials Engineering, Manufacturing Technology and Control
Federal Air Transport Agency. Analysis of rough landings of civil aviation aircraft for the period 2009–2019 and recommendations for their prevention
NASA ASRS report no. 464683. February 2000
Aviation Rules Part 25, “Airworthiness Standards for Transport Category Aircraft”, Interstate Aviation Committee, 2015
Certification Specifications and Acceptable Means of Compliance for Large Aeroplanes CS-25, European Union Aviation Safety Agency, 10 January 2020
Federal Aviation Regulations Part 25: Airworthiness Standards: Transport Category, Federal Aviation Administration
Gong X, Xue C, Jiangbo Xu (2015) Dynamics simulation study on civil aircraft planned pavement emergency landing. J Vibroeng 17(8):4496–4506
Chandresh Zinzuwadia, Gerado Olivares (2016) Crashworthiness by analyses – verifying fem capabilities by accident reconstruction. The Eighth Triennial International Fire & Cabin Safety Research Conference
Rybin AV (2014) Issledovanie dinamiki posadki passazhirskogo samolyota. Elektronnyj zhurnal «Trudy MAI», № 74
Rybin AV (2015) Razrabotka metodiki detektirovaniya i analiza grubyh posadok samolyota na osnove chislennogo mo-delirovaniya proisshestviya. Elektronnyj zhurnal «Trudy MAI», № 81
Kruger W, Besselink I, Cowling D, Doan DB, Kortum W, Krabacher W (1997) Aircraft landing gear dynamics: simulation and control. Vehicle Syst Dynam 28:119
Ted L Lomax (1996) Structural load analysis for commercial transport aircraft: theory and practice. AIAA Education series
Kotik MG (1984) Dinamika vzleta i posadki samoletov (Aircraft takeoff and landing dynamics). Mashinostroenie, Moscow
Bisplinghoff RL, Ashley H, Halfman RL (1955) Aeroelasticity. Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA
Snisarenko TV, Chuban VD (2008) Matematicheskoe modelirovanie dinamicheskih nagruzok pri vzlyote i posadke uprugogo samolyota. Uchyonye zapiski CAGI, t. XXXIX, No 3:63–76
Obraztsov IF et al (1986) Structural mechanics of aircraft. Machinostroenie, Moscow
Agladze AG (1935) Konstruirovanie i raschyot maslyanyh amortizatorov shassi samoletov. Tekhnicheskie zametki CAGI / M.: BNII CAGI. ― № 59. ― 47 s
Abaqus (2018) Analysis Users’s Guide // Book Abaqus 2018 Analysis Users’s Guide / EditorSimulia
Funding
The authors have not disclosed any funding.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Trifonov, R., Shelkov, K., Perepechaev, S. et al. Determining the applicability limits of different accuracy models when analyzing the loads on the landing gear during landing. AS (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42401-023-00253-2
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42401-023-00253-2