Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Pruning and plant debris management can alleviate shoot dieback disease in cashew orchard

  • Research Article
  • Published:
Indian Phytopathology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Field experiments were conducted at Regional Research Station (R & L Zone), Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, West Bengal, India during 2018–2019 and 2019–2020 to evaluate the efficacy of pruning and plant debris management against cashew dieback disease and nut yield. Adoption of pruning along with plant debris management in orchard significantly reduced the dieback severity and resulted highest nut yield as compared to plot treated with selective pruning, debris management as well as control. There was a consistent reduction of disease severity as well as area under disease progress curve (AUDPC) in both years in treatments. The pooled analysis of data revealed that T1 (pruning + debris management) showed lowest disease severity (32.92%) and AUDPC (6743.75) followed by T2 (pruning only). Pooled data of annual nut yield, number of panicles m− 2 and number of nuts m− 2 were also significant. However, numbers of nuts panicle− 1 and nut weight were non-significant. AUDPC was also significantly negatively correlated with annual nut yield (r= -0.953, p < 0.05), number of panicles m− 2 (r= -0.974, p < 0.05) and number of nuts m− 2 (r= -0.990, p < 0.05). However, annual nut yield was also positively correlated with number of panicles m− 2 (r = 0.996, p < 0.01) and number of nuts m− 2 (r = 0.986, p < 0.05).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Adeniyi DO, Olufolaji DB, Joseph A (2016) Characteristic variations in Lasiodiplodia theobromae; pathogen of inflorescence dieback of cashew in growing ecologies of Nigeria. Annu Res Rev Biol 10(2):1–6

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Adeniyi DO, Olufolaji DB, Lajide L (2017) Varietal responses of cashew accessions infected with inflorescence dieback to integrated management systems. J Biol Nat 7(4):162–168

    Google Scholar 

  • Adhikary P, Sarkar U, Jash S, Ray SK, Dutta S (2023) Effect of different media and temperature on mycelial growth of Pestalotiopsis sp., incitant of leaf spot and blight disease of cashew in western part of West Bengal. Biol Forum 15(10):359–364

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Akhtar KP, Alam SS (2002) Assessment keys for some important diseases of mango. Pak J Biol Sci 5:246–250

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Avelino J, Willocquet L, Savary S (2004) Effects of crop management patterns on coffee rust. Plant Pathol 53:541–547

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Biggs AR (1989a) Effect of pruning technique on Leucostoma infection and callus formation over wounds in peach trees. Plant Dis 73:771–773

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Biggs AR (1989b) Integrated approach to controlling Leucostoma canker of peach in Ontario. Plant Dis 73:869–874

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bradford JP, Kunz C, Kohavi R, Brunk C, Brodley CE (1998) Pruning decision trees with misclassification costs. In European Conference on Machine Learning, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 131–136 pp

  • Brown AA, Travadon R, Lawrence DP, Torres G, Zhuang G, Baumgartner K (2021) Pruning-wound protectants for trunk-disease management in California table grapes. Crop Prot 141:105490

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cardoso JE, Vidal JC, Santos AD, Freire FCO, Viana FMP (2002) First report of black branch dieback of cashew caused by Lasiodiplodia theobromae in Brazil. Plant Dis 86(5):558–558

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Carluccl A, Lops FS, Mostert L, Halleen F, Raimondo ML (2017) Occurrence fungi causing black foot on young grapevines and nursery rootstock plants in Italy. Phytopathol Mediterr 56(1):10–39

    Google Scholar 

  • Datnoff L, Elmer WH, Huber DM (2007) Mineral Nutrition and Plant Disease. American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN

    Google Scholar 

  • Dendena B, Corsi S (2014) Cashew, from seed to market: a review. Agron Sustain Dev 34(4):753–772

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Diniz I, Batista D, Pena AR, Rodrigues ASB, Reis P, Baldé A, Bucar I, Catarino L, Monteiro F (2021) First report of dieback caused by Neofusicoccum batangarum in cashew in Guinea-Bissau. Plant Dis 105(4):1215

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Elena G, Luque J (2016a) Seasonal susceptibility of pruning wounds and cane colonization in Catalonia, Spain following artificial infection with Diplodia seriata and Phaeomoniella Chlamydospora. Plant Dis 100:1651–1659

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Elena G, Luque J (2016b) Pruning debris of grapevine as a potential inoculum source of Diplodia seriata, causal agent of Botryosphaeria dieback. Eur J Plant Pathol 144(4):803–810

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Esposito F, Malerba D, Semeraro G, Kay J (1997) A comparative analysis of methods for pruning decision trees. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell 19(5):476–491pp

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hanifeh S, Ghosta Y, Abbasi S (2014) First report of Diplodia Seriata, the causal agent of canker disease of apple trees in Iran. Iran J Plant Pathol 50:103–104

    Google Scholar 

  • Intini M, Sijaona MER (1983) Little known disease of cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) in Tanzania. Riv Agr Subtrop Trop 77(3):421–429

    Google Scholar 

  • Ismail AM, Cirvilleri G, Polizzi G, Crous PW, Groenewald JZ, Lombard L (2012) Lasiodiplodia species associated with dieback disease of mango (Mangifera indica) in Egypt. Australas Plant Pathol 41(6):649–660

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kamil FH, Saeed EE, El-Tarabily KA, AbuQamar SF (2018) Biological control of mango die-back disease caused by Lasiodiplodia theobromae using Streptomycete and non-streptomycete actinobacteria in the United Arab Emirates. Front Microbiol 9:829

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Khan MM, Kumar DP, Hiremath IG (1987) Pruning studies in cashew. Cashew 1(1):11–12

    Google Scholar 

  • Khatun A, Mohapatra A, Satapathy KB (2017) Major diseases of cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) caused by fungi and their control in Odisha, India. Int J Biosci 11(1):68–74

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lecomte P, Louvet G, Vacher B, Guilbaud P (2006) Survival of fungi associated with grapevine decline in pruned wood after composting. Phytopathol Mediterr 45:127–130

    Google Scholar 

  • Manjusha AM, Laya PK, Premachandran A, Veena M (2023) First report of wilt disease in cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) caused by Fusarium decemcellulare in Kerala, India. CABI Agric Biosci 4(1):7

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Marini RP, Sherif S (2020) Pruning peach trees. Virginia Cooperative Extension publication 422– 020, p 11

  • Mondello V, Lo Piccolo S, Conigliaro G, Alfonzo A, Torta L, Burruano S (2013) First report of Neofusiccoccum vitifusiforme and presence of other Botryosphaeriaceae species associated with Botryosphaeria dieback of grapevine in Sicily (Italy). Phytopathol Mediterr 52(2):388–396

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moral J, Agusti-Brisach C, Perez-Rodriguez M, Xavier C, Raya MC, Rhouma A, Trapero A (2017a) Identification of fungal species associated with branch dieback of olive and resistance of table cultivars to Neofusicoccum mediterraneum and Botryosphaeria dothidea. Plant Dis 101(2):306–316

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Moral J, Ahimera N, Felts DG, Morgan DP, Michailides TJ (2017b) Effects of wound size, amount of sap, and number of blighted nuts on infection of pistachio organs by Neofusicoccum mediterraneum. Plant Dis 101(12):2027–2033

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Moral J, Morgan D, Michailides TJ (2019a) Ecology and epidemiology of diseases of nut crops and olives diseases caused by Botryosphaeriaceae fungi in California and Spain. Plant Dis 103:1809–1827

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Moral J, Morgan D, Michailides TJ (2019b) Management of Botryosphaeria canker and blight diseases of temperate zone nut crops. Crop Prot 126:104927

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mullins MG, Bouquet A, Williams LE (1992) Biology of Grapevine. Press Syndicate of the University of Cambridge, UK

    Google Scholar 

  • Muntala A, Norshie PM, Santo KG, Saba CK (2020) Colletotrichum gloeosporioides species complex: Pathogen causing anthracnose, gummosis and die-back diseases of cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) in Ghana. Eur J Agric Food Sci 2(6):1–10

    Google Scholar 

  • Nayak MG (2011) Pruning and canopy architecturing in Cashew. DCR Technical Bulletin No. 13, Directorate of Cashew Research. Indian Council of Agricultural Research,, Puttur, India, p 19

    Google Scholar 

  • Olunloyo OA, Esuruoso OI (1975) Lasiodiplodia floral shoot dieback disease of cashew in Nigeria. Plant Dis Rep 59(2):176–179

    Google Scholar 

  • Parte EM, Vicente LP (2015) Incidence of fungal diseases in cocoa plantations of Cuban western provinces. Rev Protección Veg 30(2):87–96

    Google Scholar 

  • Patsa R (2021) Survey, surveillance and management of major diseases of cashewnut in West Bengal. Ph D. dissertation, Department of Plant Pathology, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal, India, 265p

  • Patsa R, Jash S, Dutta S, Barman AR, Poduval M, Ray SK (2023a) Pestalotiopsis leaf spot: an important foliar disease in cashewnut seedling incited by Pestalotiopsis Oxyanthi in West Bengal, India. Indian Phytopathol 76(3):713–725

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Patsa R, Jash S, Sarkar A, Dutta S, Poduval M (2023b) Identification and characterization of Fusarium falciforme, incitant of wilt disease in cashew seedlings and its management. Arch Phytopathol Plant Prot 56(19):1521–1539

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Picos-Muñoz PA, García-Estrada RS, León-Félix J, Sañudo-Barajas A, Allende-Molar R (2015) Lasiodiplodia theobromae in agricultural crops in Mexico: taxonomy, host, diversity and control. Rev Mex Fitopatol 33(1):54–74

    Google Scholar 

  • Ploetz RC (2007) Diseases of tropical perennial crops: challenging problems in diverse environments. Plant Dis 91(6):644–663

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Prasanna Kumar B, Hari Babu K, Srihari D (2011) Effect of time and level of pruning on flowering, fruit and yield of cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.). In I International Symposium on Cashew Nut 1080, pp. 245–262

  • Rodríguez-Gálvez E, Guerrero P, Barradas C, Crous PW, Alves A (2017) Phylogeny and pathogenicity of Lasiodiplodia species associated with dieback of mango in Peru. Fungal Biol 121(4):452–465

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Safdar A (2015) Pathogenic association and management of Botryodiplodia theobromae in Guava orchards at Sheikhupura District, Pakistan. Int J Agric Biol 17(2):297–304

    Google Scholar 

  • Saroj PL, Rupa TR (2014) Cashew research in India: achievements and strategies. Progress Hort 46:1–17

    Google Scholar 

  • Slippers B, Fourie G, Crous PW, Coutinho TA, Wingfield BD, Carnegie AJ, Wingfield MJ (2004) Speciation and distribution of Botryosphaeria spp. on native and introduced Eucalyptus trees in Australia and South Africa. Stud Mycol 50:343–358

    Google Scholar 

  • Slippers B, Smit WA, Crous PW, Coutinho TA, Wingfield BD, Wingfield MJ (2007) Taxonomy, phylogeny and identification of Botryosphaeriaceae associated with pome and stone fruit trees in South Africa and other regions of the world. Plant Pathol 56:128–139

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stover RH (1962) Fusarial wilt (Panama Disease) of bananas and other Musa species. Commonwealth Mycological Institute, Kew, Surrey, UK

    Google Scholar 

  • Thushyanthini R, Sanotharan N (2018) Factors affecting the adoption of recommended agricultural practices by cashew growers in Mannar district of Sri Lanka. Int J Adv Sci Res 3(6):04–07

    Google Scholar 

  • U´rbez-Torres JR, Gubler WD (2011) Susceptibility of grapevine pruning wounds to infection by Lasiodiplodia theobromae and Neofusicoccum Parvum. Plant Pathol 60:261–270

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Uddin W (1996) Epidemiology and management of Phomopsis shoot blight of peach. Ph.D. dissertation, The University of Georgia, Athens

  • Uddin W, Stevenson KL (1997) Pathogenicity of a species of Phomopsis causing a shoot blight on peach in Georgia and evaluation of possible infection courts. Plant Dis 81:983–989

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Uddin W, Stevenson KL (1998) Seasonal development of Phomopsis shoot blight of peach and effects of selective pruning and shoot debris management on disease incidence. Plant Dis 82(5):565–568

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • van Niekerk JM, Crous PW, Groenewald JZ, Fourie PH, Halleen F (2004) DNA phylogeny, morphology and pathogenicity of Botryosphaeria species on grapevines. Mycologia 96(4):781–798

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • van Niekerk JM, Fourie PH, Halleen F, Crous PW (2006) Botryosphaeria spp. as grapevine trunk disease pathogens. Phytopathol Mediterr 45:43–54

    Google Scholar 

  • Wangungu CW, Mwangi M, Gathu R, Muasya R, Mbaka J, KorI N (2011) Reducing dieback disease incidence of passion fruit in Kenya through management practices. Proc Afr Crop Sci Conf 10:499–502

    Google Scholar 

  • Wheeler BEJ (1969) An introduction to Plant diseases. John Willey and Sons Ltd., London, p 249

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilcoxson RD, Srovmand B, Atif AH (1975) Evaluation of wheat cultivars for ability to retard development of stem rust. Ann Appl Biol 80:275–281

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Funding

Author RP thanks BCKV for providing necessary fund to conduct the experiment. The authors also thankfully acknowledge All India Coordinated Research Project on Cashew funded by ICAR- Directorate of Cashew Research for providing access to cashew orchard.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Plant Pathology, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, 741252, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal, India

    Rakesh Patsa & Subrata Dutta

  2. Regional Research Station (R & L Zone), Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, 721507, Jhargram, West Bengal, India

    Subhendu Jash & Arindam Sarkar

  3. All India Coordinated Research Project on Cashew, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, 721507, Jhargram, West Bengal, India

    Mini Poduval

Authors
  1. Rakesh Patsa
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Subhendu Jash
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Arindam Sarkar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Mini Poduval
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Subrata Dutta
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Arindam Sarkar.

Ethics declarations

Ethical approval

This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.

Consent to participate

This article does not contain any studies with human participants, vulnerable groups or animals performed by any of the authors.

Conflict of interest

The authors do hereby declare that they don’t have any conflict of interest.

Additional information

Publisher’s Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Electronic supplementary material

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

Supplementary Material 1

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Patsa, R., Jash, S., Sarkar, A. et al. Pruning and plant debris management can alleviate shoot dieback disease in cashew orchard. Indian Phytopathology (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42360-024-00756-8

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42360-024-00756-8

Keywords

Search

Navigation