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Impact of microbial rivals and natural alterations on root decay and plant development in sesame

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Abstract

In this experiment, natural alteration of the sesame rhizosphere was done by combining organic products such as neem cake, farmyard manure, and two microbial antagonists and testing their efficacy against root rot disease, which affects sesame plant growth and yield. All the treatments showed a significant reduction in plant mortality and disease progression compared to control. Natural alteration such as seed treatment with a mixture of Trichoderma viride and Pseudomonas fluorescens (5 g/kg each) and soil amended with neem cake (250 kg/ha) as well as Pseudomonas-Trichoderma fortified FYM (25 g/kg each) recorded the highest mean efficacy (72.39%) in reducing disease incidence, registering the least plant mortality (8.2%) as compared to control (29.7%) and treated control, Carbendazim (20.4%). It also enhanced the seed yield as high as 28.02% over control, augmenting plant growth such as shoot length (118.92 cm), root length (12.53 cm), and the number of branches/plant (7.40) and capsules/plants (11.46) with an ICBR of 1.88. The yield was negatively correlated with per cent plant mortality (r = − 0.96) and the progression of disease incidence expressed by AUDPC (r = − 0.69). A negative relationship existed between per cent disease incidence and plant traits such as shoot length, root length, number of branches/plant and number of capsules/plant, recording correlation coefficients of − 0.91, − 0.78, − 0.69 and − 0.90, respectively. Seed treatment with microbial antagonists and modification of the sesame rhizosphere by co-application of neem cake and Trichoderma-Pseudomonas fortified FYM suppressed macrophomina root rot disease and enhanced the yield, which could be a feasible option for sesame growers.

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Funding

This research did not receive any specific grants from any funding agencies.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Plant Pathology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Siksha‘O’Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, 751029, India

    Bhagyashree Khamari

  2. Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, 751003, India

    Bhagyashree Khamari, Akshya Kumar Senapati & Surjya Kanta Beura

  3. Department of Plant Protection, Aligarh Muslim University, Uttar Pradesh, Aligarh, 202002, India

    Safdar Kaiser Hasmi

  4. Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, 751003, India

    Kailash Chandra Samal & Jyoti Prakash Sahoo

  5. College of Agriculture, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhawanipatna, 751003, India

    Nirakar Ranasingh

  6. Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, 751003, India

    Tribikram Samal

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  1. Bhagyashree Khamari
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  2. Safdar Kaiser Hasmi
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  3. Kailash Chandra Samal
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  4. Jyoti Prakash Sahoo
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  8. Tribikram Samal
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Contributions

NR and TS designed and supervised the experiment. BK performed the experiments and wrote the paper. SKB analyzed the data and interpreted it. KCS and JPS coordinated the work and gave valuable comments. SKB and AKS reviewed and edited the manuscript. All authors have approved the content and authorship of the submitted manuscript, and all prevailing local, national, and international regulations and conventions and regular scientific and ethical practices have been respected.

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Correspondence to Kailash Chandra Samal.

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Khamari, B., Hasmi, S.K., Samal, K.C. et al. Impact of microbial rivals and natural alterations on root decay and plant development in sesame. Indian Phytopathology 75, 1075–1083 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42360-022-00552-2

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