Skip to main content
Log in

Carbon Nano Tubes: Synthesis and Characterization for Microwave Applications

  • Regular Paper
  • Published:
Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Attenuators are used to suppress the reflections in the helix traveling wave tubes and these attenuators are normally fabricated with the coating of some lossy material on the helix support rods. Carbon is the most commonly used attenuator material for the microwave applications and is usually deposited by pyrolytic or sputtering methods. However, other materials like iron and nickel are also used sometime for the attenuation applications. Helix is usually supported by the rods of some ceramic material like APBN (Anisotropic Pyrolytically Deposited Boron Nitride) or Alumina etc. Attenuator materials are deposited on these support rods to absorb the reflections. In order to look forward to new methods of deposition as well new attenuator materials, Carbon nanotubes have been proposed as another alternative attenuator material. Multi-Wall Cabon Nano-Tubes have been grown on the rectangular alumina substrate using the chemical vapour deposition method. Microwave attenuation/loss has been measured on these samples with X-band microwave frequencies. Specific experimental set-up has been designed for the measurement. The work is centered toward making good quality novel attenuators for the microwave applications and particularly the TWT.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. V. Kesari, B.N. Basu, Analysis of some periodic structures of microwave tubes: part I: analysis of helical slow-wave structures of traveling-wave tubes. J. Electromag. Waves Appl. 31(1), 1–37 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1080/09205071.2016.1276862

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. A. Ishimaru, Electromagnetic Wave Propagation, Radiation, and Scattering: from Fundamentals to Applications (Wiley, Hoboken, NJ, 2017)

    Book  Google Scholar 

  3. J. Copeland, A.A. Haef, Andrei Haeff and the Amazing Microwave Amplifier, in IEEE Spectrum (September, 2015), pp.32–37

  4. K.V. Rao, T. Chanakya, V.B. Naidu, S.K. Datta, Investigation into a triangular-helix slow-wave structure, in Proceedings of IEEE Vacuum Electronics Conference, (2014), pp. 293–294. https://doi.org/10.1109/IVEC.2014.6857605

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  5. D. Ge, B. Hu, Methods to improve the phase stability of high-power TWTA. Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Microw. Millim. Wave Technol. (ICMMT) 1, 150–152 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1109/ICMMT.2016.7761706

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. D.M. Goebel, J.G. Keller, W.L. Menninger, S.T. Blunk, Gain stability of travelling wave tubes. IEEE Trans. Electr. Dev. 46(11), 2235–2244 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1109/16.796301

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. V. Srivastava, Nonlinear analysis of beam-wave interaction in a planar THz travelling-wave tube amplifier. J. Electromag. Waves Appl. 32(2), 190–203 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1080/09205071.2017.1374217

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. J.F. Gittins, Power Travelling Wave Tubes (Elsevier, New York, 1965)

    Google Scholar 

  9. V. Kumar, A. Vohra, V. Srivastava, Experimental evaluation of lossy coatings of different materials on helix support rods for a high efficiency TWT, in Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Microwave and Telecommunication Technology, (September 13–17, 2004), pp. 648–650. https://doi.org/10.1109/CRMICO.2004.183377

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  10. V. Srivastava, T.K. Ghosh, M.J. Akhtar, S.N. Joshi, Design of high efficiency space TWT. IETE Tech. Rev. 16(2), 249–254. https://doi.org/10.1080/02564602.1999.11416837

  11. P. Nikolaev, M.J. Bronikowski, et al., Gas phase catalytic growth of single walled carbon nano tubes from carbon moxide. Chem. Phys. Lett. 313, 91–97 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2614(99)01029-5

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. A.M. Casel et al., Large Scale CVD synthesis of single walled carbon nanotubes. J. Phys. Chem. B 103, 6484–6492 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1021/jp990957s

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. M. Kumar, Y. Ando, Chemical vapor deposition of carbon nanotubes: a review on growth mechanism and mass production. J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. 10(6), 3739–3758 (2010)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. V. Kumar, A. Vohra, V. Srivastava, Nickel and iron as attenuator materials for helix TWT. Indian J. Radio Space Phys. 36(4), 345–347 (2007) http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/2885

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. V. Kumar, A. Vohra, V. Srivastava, Characterisation of carbon attenuator coatings for helix TWT applications. New Carbon Mater. 23(4), 378–381 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1016/S1872-5805(09)60008-1

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. T. Chiu, Dielectric constant measurement technique for a dielectric strip using a rectangular waveguide. IEEE Trans. Instrument. Measure. 52(5), 1501–1508 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1109/TIM.2003.817904

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Vikas Kumar.

Additional information

Publisher’s Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Kumar, V. Carbon Nano Tubes: Synthesis and Characterization for Microwave Applications. Trans. Electr. Electron. Mater. 22, 515–518 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42341-020-00260-6

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42341-020-00260-6

Keywords

Navigation