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Anticancer and Apoptotic Effects of Hymenodictyon floribundum (Hochst. & Steud.) B.L.Rob. Stem Bark Hydroethanolic Extract

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Abstract

Purpose

The present study aimed to examine in vitro anticancer and apoptotic effects of the 80% ethanolic extract of Hymenodictyon floribundum and isolated compounds on A549 human lung cancer cell lines. Furthermore, isolated compounds and crude extract were investigated for their antimicrobial activity against Aspergillus niger, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans, and Staphylococcus aureus.

Methods

The anticancer activity was examined by trypan blue exclusion and MTT assays. Flow cytometry was used to assess apoptosis using the Annexin V-FITC/PI technique, the antimicrobial activity was assessed by using Broth microdilution method against six pathogenic microbes. The GC–MS, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and mass spectral data were used to elucidate the structure of isolated compounds.

Results

The study resulted in the isolation of two compounds, 7-Hydroxy-6- methoxycoumarin (A) and 2,2,4-Trimethyl-3-(3,8,12,16-tetramethyl-heptadeca-3,7,11,15-tetraenyl)-cyclohexanol (K). The compound A and K inhibited the growth of A549 lung cancer cell lines with IC50 values of 77.56 µg/mL and 92.13 µg/mL, respectively. The anticancer effects of compounds A and K were due to early and late apoptotic cell death induction. Compounds A and K exhibited potential antimicrobial activity against all microbes tested. The highest antimicrobial activity was shown by compound A against S. aureus with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 62.5 µg/mL.

Conclusion

These findings provide evidence that the stem bark extract of H. florubundum contains compounds with both anticancer and antimicrobial activity. The isolated compounds were found to possess antimicrobial activity and inhibit the growth of A549-Human lung cancer cells by inducing apoptosis.

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Availability of Data and Materials

Data will be made available on request.

Abbreviations

DCM:

Dichloromethane

DMSO:

Dimethyl sulphoxide

GC:

Gas chromatography

GC–MS:

Gas chromatography-mass spectrometer

ICCR:

Indian council for cultural relations

MTT:

3-(4, 5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide

MIC:

Minimum inhibitory concentration

MBC:

Minimum bactericidal concentration

MFC:

Minimum fungicidal concentration

NMR:

Nuclear magnetic resonance

NCCS:

National centre for cell science

O.D:

Optic density

P.E:

Petroleum ether

PI:

Propidium iodide

PBS:

Phosphate buffer solution

SD:

Standard deviation

TLC:

Thin Layer Chromatography

TSB:

Trypticase Soy Broth

UV:

Ultraviolet light

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Acknowledgements

Authors would like to thank the Institute for applied biological research and development management, Pune Maharashtra, India, and the Institute of Research and Analytics Sangli, Maharashtra, India, for permitting us to access their facility to conduct anticancer and apoptosis activity.

Funding

This study was fully funded by Indian Council for Cultural Relations (ICCR) through the MEA-Africa Scholarship Program (G0179/2021).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, 416004, Maharashtra, India

    Alfredi A. Moyo, Kishor S. Jagadhane, Sneha R. Bhosale, Sachin B. Shinde & Prashant V. Anbhule

  2. Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O. Box 65013, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

    Alphonce I. Marealle

  3. Department of Botany, The New College, Kolhapur, 416012, Maharashtra, India

    Vinod B. Shimpale

  4. Department of Chemistry, Yashwantrao Chavan College of Science, Karad, 415124, Maharashtra, India

    Kishor S. Jagadhane

  5. Mabibo Traditional Research Centre, National Institute for Medical Research, Barack Obama Drive, P.O Box 9653, 11101, Dar es Salaams, Tanzania

    Alfredi A. Moyo

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  1. Alfredi A. Moyo
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Contributions

AAM: developed the idea, conducted the study and experimentation, gathered the information, and wrote the initial manuscript. SRB: performed the data analysis and created all the tables. KSJ: prepared all the figures. SBS: data analysis and NMR interpretation. AIM: identifying plants, data analysis and interpretation. VBS: reviewing and editing the manuscripts. PVA: NMR interpretation, reviewing, editing, and finishing the manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Prashant V. Anbhule.

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Moyo, A.A., Jagadhane, K.S., Bhosale, S.R. et al. Anticancer and Apoptotic Effects of Hymenodictyon floribundum (Hochst. & Steud.) B.L.Rob. Stem Bark Hydroethanolic Extract. Chemistry Africa 7, 1235–1250 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42250-023-00810-4

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