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Comparative Analysis of Medicinal and Nutritional Properties of Three Varieties of Phyllanthus emblica Fruits of North-West Himalayas

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Abstract

Phyllanthus emblica L. (syn. Emblica officinalis), popular as amla, Indian gooseberry, or the King of Rasayana, has wondrous rejuvenating, regenerating, and reconstructive abilities. The present study aimed to investigate the phytochemical, nutritional, and antibacterial potential of three varieties (based on the fruit size) of P. emblica fruits found in the North-West Himalayas. Qualitative phytochemical analysis of these fruits revealed no differences in phytochemicals. A higher amount of total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) was shown in medium-sized fruits. Furthermore, high-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) analysis of P. emblica fruits showed higher gallic acid, ellagic acid, quercetin, and rutin in medium-sized fruits. A higher amount of crude fiber and ash content were found in small-sized fruit, while medium-sized fruit was rich in crude fats. Large-sized fruits showed higher amounts of moisture, total carbohydrate content, protein content, and vitamin C. All the fruits showed comparative antibacterial activities against tested bacterial strains. Small-sized P. emblica fruits were more effective against Bacillus subtilis and Klebsiella pneumoniae, while the medium and large-sized P. emblica fruits showed similar growth inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus and P. aeruginosa. Phenolic compounds such as ellagic acid, quercetin, gallic acid, and rutin and nutritional parameters such as total carbohydrates, total proteins, and vitamin C content were found to affect the antioxidant activity of different-sized P. emblica fruit extracts. The amount of phytocompounds and other nutraceuticals in different P. emblica fruits may synergistically boost their biological activity.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are thankful to Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan (HP), for providing the infrastructure support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University, Head Post Office, Post Box No. 9, Solan, HP, India

    Rakshandha Saini, Anuradha Sourirajan & Kamal Dev

  2. University Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, 140413, India

    Vikas Kumar

  3. School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Head Post Office, Post Box No. 9, Solan, HP, India

    Navneet Upadhyay

  4. School of Bioengineering, Shoolini University, Head Post Office, Post Box No. 9, Solan, HP, India

    Somesh Sharma

  5. Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, HP, India

    Deepak Kumar

  6. Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, 4543, USA

    Kamal Dev

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  1. Rakshandha Saini
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Contributions

RS: conceptualization, methodology, software, writing-original draft preparation; VK: data curation, software, writing- original draft preparation; NKU: software, methodology, data curation; SS: methodology, data curation, supervision; AS: supervision, validation, writing- reviewing and editing; KD: supervision, conceptualization, validation, writing—reviewing and editing, DK: conceptualization, writing—reviewing and editing. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Deepak Kumar or Kamal Dev.

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Saini, R., Kumar, V., Upadhyay, N. et al. Comparative Analysis of Medicinal and Nutritional Properties of Three Varieties of Phyllanthus emblica Fruits of North-West Himalayas. Chemistry Africa 7, 705–723 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42250-023-00789-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42250-023-00789-y

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