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Acid Mine Drainage: The Footprint of the Nigeria Mining Industry

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Abstract

Mining of solid minerals in Nigeria has been taking place since the beginning of the last century, and being a developing country with a characteristic lack of proper waste management, this activity has resulted in the production of wastes with serious negative environmental impacts. Acid mine drainage (AMD) has posed a serious challenge to mining host communities globally. However, very little has been documented on its effects and treatment technologies in Nigeria. This paper was aimed at reviewing the effects of effluents from Nigeria’s mining industry, with an emphasis on AMD, and the various methods employed in recent times for the treatment of AMD in the country. It was observed that mining wastes and tailings have seriously jeopardized the environment, leading to the ruin of arable lands, pollution of both surface and ground water, and a loss of biodiversity. Adsorption and biological treatment methods are the only methods deployed so far in the treatment of mining effluent pollutants in the country. Both techniques proved to be effective, with a removal efficiency > 80%. Several recommendations were made in this study, including the need for site-by-site assessment of past and active mines so as to identify potential AMD formation and prevent future occurrence. The review also discusses how treatment of AMD can help the country with the actualization of Sustainable Development Goal 6 (SDG 6), which is clean water and sanitation.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Ilorin, P. M. B. 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria

    Adewale George Adeniyi

  2. Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, P. M. B. 5025, Awka, Nigeria

    Ebuka Chizitere Emenike & Kingsley O. Iwuozor

  3. Department of Industrial Chemistry, University of Ilorin, P. M. B. 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria

    Hussein Kehinde Okoro

  4. Department of Geology and Mineral Sciences, University of Ilorin, P. M. B. 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria

    Olusegun Omoniyi Ige

  5. Department of Chemical Engineering, Landmark University, Omu-Aran, Kwara state, Nigeria

    Adewale George Adeniyi

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  1. Adewale George Adeniyi
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Adeniyi, A.G., Emenike, E.C., Iwuozor, K.O. et al. Acid Mine Drainage: The Footprint of the Nigeria Mining Industry. Chemistry Africa 5, 1907–1920 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42250-022-00493-3

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