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Optimisation of Extraction Process for Negundoside and Agnuside from Vitex Negundo L. Leaves Using Soxhlet Extraction, HPLC–MS/MS, and CCD-RSM Methods

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Abstract

Vitex negundo L. is one of the aromatic shrubs belonging to the family Verbenaceae and widely distributed in America, Europe, Asia, and West Indies. In India, the leaves of V. negundo have been widely used as traditional Chinese medicine and Ayurvedic herbal medicine for the treatment of malaria, rheumatism, joint inflammation, menstrual cycle, fibrocystic breast disease, and as a post-partum remedies. The traditional uses of the plants have been confirmed by the different pharmacological activities such as anticancer, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, hepatoprotective, menstrual cycle, and anti-inflammatory due to the occurrence of several bioactive compounds. Negundoside and agnuside are active compounds of V. negundo. Therefore, the optimisation of drying methods, solvent systems, extraction efficacy and quantification of these compounds from plant extracts is very important for quality control. In this regards, shade, sunlight, and tray drying methods and different solvent systems along with quantitative HPLC and qualitative HPLC–MS/MS methods were optimised for negundoside and agnuside present in the leaves of this species using Soxhlet apparatus and reflux extraction and triple quad HPLC/MS/MS. The 20% ethanol-aqueous solvent system showed better yield of negundoside and agnuside as compared to ethanol, methanol and aqueous solvent systems. Shade dried leaves showed higher yields as compared to sunlight and tray dried materials. Statistical optimisation was carried out to maximise the extraction of negundoside and agnuside. At the optimum conditions, extraction yielded 42.19% of negundoside (10.82 mg/g) and agnuside (52.55 mg/g) in extract. These optimized methods can be applied for large-scale extraction of these bioactive to obtain higher quantities for quality control.

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Acknowledgements

Authors would like to thanks Directors, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu and CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow for facilities and encouragement.

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Author notes

  1. Anil Kumar Katare and Bikarma Singh have contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India

    Anil Kumar Katare, Bikarma Singh, Ajai Prakash Gupta & Amit Kumar

  2. Quality Management & Instrumentation Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, 180001, India

    Anil Kumar Katare, Sumit Roy, Ajai Prakash Gupta, Amit Kumar & Aliya Tabassum

  3. Botanic Garden Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226001, India

    Bikarma Singh

  4. Department of Chemistry, Ma. Kanshiram Government Degree College, Ninowa, Farrukhabad, Uttar Pradesh, 209602, India

    Sunil Kumar

  5. Department of Botany, Veer Kunwar Singh University, Ara, Bihar, 802301, India

    Bishander Singh

  6. Department of Chemical Engineering, Ujjain Engineering College, Ujjain, Madhya Pradesh, 456010, India

    Ashok Kumar Sharma

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  1. Anil Kumar Katare
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Correspondence to Bikarma Singh.

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This article does not contain any studies involving animals performed by any of the authors. This article does not contain any studies involving human participants performed by any of the authors.

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Katare, A.K., Singh, B., Kumar, S. et al. Optimisation of Extraction Process for Negundoside and Agnuside from Vitex Negundo L. Leaves Using Soxhlet Extraction, HPLC–MS/MS, and CCD-RSM Methods. Chemistry Africa 5, 907–915 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42250-022-00383-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42250-022-00383-8

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