Abstract
MgO participates in all stages of sintering, pelletizing, and blast furnace ironmaking, and synergistically optimizing the distribution of MgO in ferrous burden can effectively enhance the interaction within the ferrous burdens and optimize the softening–melting properties of the mixed burden. Magnesium-containing pellets mixed with low-MgO sinter or mixed with high-MgO sinter in the blast furnace ferrous burden structure have opposite softening–melting performance laws. When the structure of the ferrous burden is magnesium-containing pellets mixed with low-MgO sinter, the magnesium-containing pellets can enhance the interaction of the ferrous burden in the process of softening–melting, which can optimize the composition of the slag phase and improve the slag liquidity. When the structure of the ferrous burden is magnesium-containing pellets mixed with high-MgO sinter, the magnesium-containing pellets weaken the interaction of the ferrous burden in the process of softening–melting, increase the content of the high melting point solid-phase particles in the slag, lead to an increase in the viscosity of the slag and difficult separation of the slag and iron, and decrease the permeability of the charge layer. Therefore, to ensure good permeability of the mixed burden, the following measures are suggested: optimizing the MgO distribution of the ferrous burden, reducing the MgO content of the sinter to 1.96 wt.%, increasing the MgO content of the pellets to 1.03–1.30 wt.%, controlling the MgO/Al2O3 ratio of the mixed burden within 1.15–1.32, narrowing the position of the cohesive zone, and maintaining an S value (permeability index) of approximately 150 kPa °C.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Y.B. Zhang, X.J. Chen, Z.J. Su, S. Liu, F. Chen, N.Y. Wu, T. Jiang, J. Iron Steel Res. Int. 29 (2021) 1381–1392.
M. Naito, K. Takeda, Y. Matsui, ISIJ Int. 55 (2015) 7–35.
Y. Matsui, A. Sato, T. Oyama, T. Matsuo, S. Kitayama, R. Ono, ISIJ Int. 43 (2003) 166–174.
J.R. Kim, Y.S. Lee, D.J. Min, S.M. Jung, S.H. Yi, ISIJ Int. 44 (2004) 1291–1297.
T. Li, C. Sun, X. Liu, S. Song, Q. Wang, Ironmak. Steelmak. 45 (2018) 755–763.
A. Kemppainen, K.I. Ohno, M. Iljana, O. Mattila, T. Paananen, E.P. Heikkinen, T. Maeda, K. Kunitomo, T. Fabritius, ISIJ Int. 55 (2015) 2039–2046.
F.R. Silva, L.R. Lemos, P. de Freitas Nogueira, M. Bressan, Metall. Mater. Trans. B 52 (2021) 69–76.
G.L. Wang, J. Kang, J.L. Zhang, Y.Z. Wang, Z.Y. Wang, Z.J. Liu, C.Y. Xu, Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater. 28 (2021) 621–628.
X. Jiang, H.Y. Zhang, H.Y. Zheng, Q.J. Gao, F.M. Shen, J. Iron Steel Res. Int. 27 (2020) 624–630.
S. Sridhar, D. Sichen, S. Seetharaman, K.C. Mills, Steel Res. 72 (2001) 3–10.
K. Bai, Y. Pan, J. Wang, H. Zuo, Q. Xue, Metall. Res. Technol. 118 (2021) 318.
J.S. Shiau, S.H. Liu, C.K. Ho, Mater. Trans. 53 (2012) 1449–1455.
S. Ueda, T. Kon, T. Miki, S.J. Kim, H. Nogami, Metall. Mater. Trans. B 47 (2016) 2371–2377.
X. Fan, J. Zhang, K. Jiao, J. Zhang, H. Ma, S. Gao, R. Wang, Ironmak. Steelmak. 49 (2022) 626–633.
L. Ma, J. Zhang, Y. Wang, M. Lu, Q. Cai, C. Xu, Z. Li, Z. Liu, Powder Technol. 412 (2022) 117979.
M. Iljana, A. Kemppainen, T. Paananen, O. Mattila, E.P. Heikkinen, T. Fabritius, ISIJ Int. 56 (2016) 1705–1714.
H. Guo, F.M. Shen, X. Jiang, Q.J. Gao, G.G. Ding, J. Cent. South Univ. 26 (2019) 3238–3251.
Q. Gao, X. Jiang, H. Zheng, F. Shen, Minerals 8 (2018) 389.
S. Dwarapudi, T.K. Ghosh, V. Tathavadkar, M.B. Denys, D. Bhattacharjee, R. Venugopal, Int. J. Miner. Process. 112–113 (2012) 55–62.
D. Zhu, T. Chun, J. Pan, J. Zhang, Int. J. Miner. Process. 125 (2013) 51–60.
S.C. Panigrahy, P. Verstraeten, J. Dilewijns, Metall. Trans. B 15 (1984) 23–32.
F. Shen, X. Jiang, G. Wu, G. Wei, X. Li, Y. Shen, ISIJ Int. 46 (2006) 65–69.
K. Higuchi, T. Nishimura, T. Shioda, M. Pettersson, P. Sikström, ISIJ Int. 60 (2020) 2392–2399.
P.F. Nogueira, R.J. Fruehan, Metall. Mater. Trans. B 37 (2006) 551–558.
D.J. Gavel, A. Adema, J. van der Stel, T. Peeters, J. Sietsma, R. Boom, Y. Yang, Ironmak. Steelmak. 48 (2021) 359–369.
H. Kim, W.H. Kim, I. Sohn, D.J. Min, Steel Res. Int. 81 (2010)261–264.
M. Chen, D. Zhang, M. Kou, B. Zhao, ISIJ Int. 54 (2014) 2025–-2030.
M. Hayashi, K. Suzuki, Y. Maeda, T. Watanabe, ISIJ Int. 56 (2016) 220–225.
Acknowledgements
The authors acknowledge the financial support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (52174291), the National Natural Science Foundation of China Youth Fund (52204335), and the Beijing New-Star of Science and Technology (Z211100002121115).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
Yao-zu Wang and Zheng-jian Liu are youth editorial board member for the Journal of Iton and Steel Research International and were not involved in the editorial review or the decision to publish this article. On behalf of all of the authors, the corresponding author states that there are no conflicts of interest.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Ma, Lm., Zhang, Jl., Wang, Yz. et al. Magnesium-containing pellet regulating blast furnace ferrous burden interaction: softening–melting behavior and mechanism. J. Iron Steel Res. Int. (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42243-024-01223-4
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42243-024-01223-4