Fig. 11
From: Jetting-based bioprinting: process, dispense physics, and applications
a Fabrication process for the stratified articular cartilage: melt extrusion-based printing was used to fabricate the polymeric microchamber templates, and inkjet-based bioprinting was used to pattern mesenchymal stromal cells and chondrocytes within the preprinted microchambers. b Representative scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of self-assembled spheroids within the microchambers 48 h after printing. c High magnification images of native and engineered tissue sections stained using hematoxylin and eosin. d Representative images of polarized light microscopy images at different angles (0° and 45°) that were merged (maximum intensity projection) and analyzed using ImageJ. e–g The quantification of collagen fibril e orientation, f dispersion, and g coherency in different zones. Reproduced from Ref. [232], Copyright 2022, with permission from the authors, licensed under CC BY 4.0