Abstract
Wash waves produced by ships disintegrate river banks and coastal lines. This phenomenon of bank erosion is mainly due to the height of the waves. Various factors govern the formation of these waves and their amplitudes: the geometry of the water channel, the shape and the speed of the boat, etc.. These factors play an important role on the wave generation, in addition on the resistance of the ship and so on its fuel consumption. Whether to study the impact of wash waves on the ship's environment or its resistance, the analysis of the generated wake is essential. Hence a fine characterization of the wave field is necessary. This study proposes a comparison of wakes generated by two generic ships based on a Wigley hull with block coefficients 0.67 and 0.89 respectively representative of maritime and fluvial ships. The wakes generated in deep water and confined water configurations have been measured for different Froude numbers by a non-intrusive optical stereo-correlation method, giving access to a detailed and complete definition of the generated wave fields. The resistance of the ship hulls has been measured in deep and confined water configurations with a hydrodynamic balance. The results permit one to study the influence of both hull and water channel geometries on the ship wake, on the amplitude of the far-field generated waves and on the near-field hydrodynamic response. Moreover, resistance curves are obtained for both configurations and highlight the effect of both hull and water channel geometries on the resistance coefficient of the ship. A comparison of the resistance curves with or without the ship trim is conducted and shows the influence of the trim on the resistance coefficient in the different ship speed regimes.
Similar content being viewed by others
5. References
Ekman V.W. On stationary waves in running water [J]. Arkiv för matematik, astronomi och fysik, 1906, 3(2).
Ekman V.W. On the waves produced by a given distribution of pressure which travels over the surface of water [J]. Arkiv för matematik, astronomi och fysik, 1907, 3(11).
Havelock T.H. The propagation of groups of waves in dispersive media, with application to waves on water produced by a travelling disturbance [J]. Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 1908, 81(549): 398–430.
Inui T. (Teturô). On deformation, wave patterns and resonance phenomenon of water surface due to a moving disturbance [J]. Proceedings of the Physico-Mathematical Society of Japan, 3rd Series, 1936, 18: 60–98.
Crapper G. D. Surface waves generated by a travelling pressure point [J]. Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 1964, 282(1391): 547–558.
Fang M. C., Yang R. Y., Shugan I. V. Kelvin ship wake in the wind waves field and on the finite sea depth [J]. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 2011, 27(01):71–77.
Carusotto I., Rousseaux G. The Čerenkov effect revisited: from swimming ducks to zero modes in gravitational analogues [J]. Analogue Gravity Phenomenology, 2013, 6: 109–144.
Elsaesser B. The characteristics, propagation and transformation of waves generated by fast marine crafts [D]. Belfast, Northern Ireland: Queen’s University of Belfast, 2004.
Kelvin W.T. On ship waves [J]. Proceedings of the Institutions of Mechanical Engineers, 1887, 38(1):409.
Taylor D. W. Resistance of ships and screw propulsion [M]. New York, U.S.A.: Macmillan and Co., 1893.
Hovgaard W. Diverging Waves [J]. Transactions of the Royal Institution of Naval Architects, London, 1909, 51:251–261.
Baker G. Ship form, resistance and screw propulsion [M]. London, UK: D. Van Nostrand Company, 1915.
Whitham G. B. Linear and nonlinear waves [M]. New York, USA: John Wiley & Sons, 1974.
Rabaud M., Moisy F. Ship wakes: Kelvin or Mach angle? [J]. Physical Review Letters, 2013, 110(21): 214.
Noblesse F., He J., Zhu Y., Hong L., Zhang C., Zhu R., Yang C. Why can ship wakes appear narrower than Kelvin’s angle? [J]. European Journal of Mechanics — B/Fluids, 2014, 46: 164–171.
Darmon A., Benzaquen M., Raphaël E. Kelvin wake pattern at large Froude numbers [J]. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 2014, 738: R3.
Pethiyagoda R., McCue S.W., Moroney T.J. What is the apparent angle of a Kelvin ship wave pattern? [J]. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 2014, 758:468–485.
Scott Russell J. Experimental researches into the laws of certain hydrodynamical phenomena that accompany the motion of floating bodies have not previously been reduced into conformity with known laws of the resistance of fluids [J]. Transactions of the Edinburgh Royal Society, 1840, 14: 47–109.
Inui T. (Takao). Wave-making resistance in shallow water sea and in restricted water with special reference to its discontinuities [J]. The Japan Society of Naval Architects and Ocean Engineers, 1954, 76: 1–10.
Inui T. (Takao), Kikuchi Y., Iwata T. Shallow water effects on wave-making of ships — A comparison of calculated and measured resistance [J]. Journal of Zosen Kiokai, 1956, 100: 35–45.
Schijf J. B. Protection of embankments and bed in inland and maritime waters, and in overflow or weirs [C]. 17th International Navigation Congress, Lisbon, Portugal, 1949.
Linde F., Ouahsine A., Huybrechts N. et al. Three-dimensional numerical simulation of ship resistance in restricted waterways: effect of ship sinkage and channel restriction [J]. Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal and Ocean Engineering, 2017, 43(1): 06016003.
Pacuraru F., Domnisoru L. Numerical investigation of shallow water effect on a barge ship resistance [J]. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2017, 227: 012088.
Terziev M., Tezdogan T., Oguz E. et al. Numerical investigation of the behaviour and performance of ships advancing through restricted shallow waters [J]. Journal of Fluids and Structures, 2018, 46: 185–215.
Caplier C., Rousseaux G., Calluaud D. et al. Energy distribution in shallow water ship wakes from a spectral analysis of the wave field [J]. Physics of Fluids, 2016, 28(10): 107104.
Wigley W. C. S. Ship wave resistance. A comparison of mathematical theory with experimental results [J]. Transactions of the Royal Institution of Naval Architects, 1926, 14: 124–141.
Zhu Y., He J., Zhang C. et al. Far-field waves created by a monohull ship in shallow water [J]. European Journal of Mechanics-B/Fluids, 2015, 49: 226–234.
International Towing Tank Conference. Report of the resistance and flow committee [C]. 18th International Towing Tank Conference, Kobe, Japan, 1987.
Chatellier L., Jarny S., Gibouin F. et al. A parametric PIV/DIC method for the measurement of free surface flows [J]. Experiments in Fluids, 2013, 54(3): 1–15.
Tremblais B., David L. Arrivault D. et al. Standard Library for Image Processing, (Licence CECILL DL 0368501, APPIDDN.FR.001.300034.000.S.P.2010.000.21000) https://doi.org/sliplib.prd.fr/, 2010.
GUM: Guide to the expression of the Uncertainty in Measurement. Working Group 1 of the Joint Committee for Guides in Metrology (JCGM/WG 1), 1995.
Caplier C. Etude expérimentale des effets de hauteur d’eau finie, de confinement latéral et de courant sur les sillages et la résistance à l’avancement des navires [D]. Poitiers, France: University of Poitiers, 2015.
Bindel S. Hydrodynamique Navale. I, généralités, résistance. [M]. Paris, France: Les Presses de l’E.N.S.T.A., 1972.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Biography: Clément Caplier (1990-), Male, Ph. D.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Caplier, C., Rousseaux, G., Calluaud, D. et al. Effects of finite water depth and lateral confinement on ships wakes and resistance. J Hydrodyn 32, 582–590 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42241-019-0054-9
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42241-019-0054-9