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Effect of Filler Content on Flexural and Viscoelastic Properties of Coir Fibers and Argania Nut-shells Reinforced Phenolic Resin Composites

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Abstract

The characteristics of two different kinds of lignocellulosic materials (vegetable fillers) with two morphologies as Argania nut-shells (ANS) particles and Coir Fibers (CF) were used as reinforcement for phenolic resin (Bakelite) in this work, and the composite are studied as a function of filler types, shape, content (10, 20, and 30% wt. percent) and manufacturing loading force (1500 and 3000 LBs). Compression molding was used to create the composites, which were then evaluated using Scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), bending, dynamic-mechanical-thermal and rheological studies. The morphology of broken samples demonstrates that both fillers are well dispersed and distributed. When fillers are added to the matrix, the flexural characteristics improve, and the optimal values are attained in the case of Argania nut-shells. The results showed that the kind and shape of the fillers had a direct influence on the dynamic mechanical characteristics of the composites due to the reinforcement's modulus augmentation. It was noticed that, the increment of manufacturing loading force decreased the mechanical and dynamical properties of composites. The optimum properties obtained indicate that the composites can only be manufactured at low manufacturing loading force (1500 LBs).

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Acknowledgement

Research carried out with the assistance of the Hassan II Academy of Sciences and Techniques "Recherche menées avec le concours de l'Académie Hassan II des Sciences et Techniques".

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Group of Mechanics and Materials, Energy Research Center, Faculty of Science, Mohammed V University in Rabat, 10100, Rabat, Morocco

    Hala Bensalah

  2. Composites and Nanocomposites Center, Moroccan Foundation for Advanced Science, Innovation and Research (MAScIR), 10100, Rabat, Morocco

    Marya Raji, Hamid Essabir, Rachid Bouhfid & Abou el kacem Qaiss

  3. Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Lot 660 Hay Moulay Rachid, 43150, Ben Guerir, Morocco

    Marya Raji, Hamid Essabir, Rachid Bouhfid & Abou el kacem Qaiss

  4. Group of Simulation in Mechanics and Energy, Energy Research Center, Faculty of Science, Mohammed V University, 10100, Rabat, Morocco

    Kamal Gueraoui

  5. Group of Semiconductors and Environmental Sensor Technologies, Energy Research Center, Faculty of Science, Mohammed V University, 10100, Rabat, Morocco

    Abdelazziz Khtira

  6. Mechanic Materials and Composites (MMC), Laboratory of Energy Engineering, Materials and Systems, National School of Applied Sciences of Agadir, Ibn Zohr University, 80000, Agadir, Morocco

    Hamid Essabir

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  1. Hala Bensalah
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Bensalah, H., Raji, M., Gueraoui, K. et al. Effect of Filler Content on Flexural and Viscoelastic Properties of Coir Fibers and Argania Nut-shells Reinforced Phenolic Resin Composites. J Bionic Eng 19, 1886–1898 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42235-022-00239-4

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