Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Phylotype and sequevar analysis of a Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum causing wilt in marigold (Tagetes erecta)

  • Short Communication
  • Published:
Journal of Plant Pathology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Bacterial wilt disease is caused by the Ralstonia species (R. solanacearum, R. pseudosolanacearum, and R. syzygii). It is the most serious soil-borne disease of many economically important crops including tomato, potato, chili pepper, tobacco, and eggplant. Marigold (Tagetes erecta) is an important commercial flower crop in Thailand and has been severely affected by this bacterial wilt disease. The purpose of this study was to identify six isolates of Ralstonia spp. collected from wilting marigolds. Taking into consideration symptoms, stem-streaming tests, and characteristic growth on the TZC medium, the causal agent was preliminarily identified as a Ralstonia sp. The results of a pathogenicity test revealed that all six isolates were highly virulent to marigold and tomato but only moderately virulent to chili pepper and eggplant. Determination of isolate phylotype used a Pmx-PCR assay which revealed that all the isolates detected were phylotype I, and thus Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum. The isolates were further classified as sequevar 13 based on partial egl and hrpB gene sequences. This study determined that the bacterial pathogens from marigold belonged to phylotype I as R. pseudosolanacearum and sequevar 13.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4

References

  • Akarapisan A, Kumvinit A, Nontaswatsri C, Puangkrit T, Kositratana W (2021) Phylotype, sequevar and pathogenicity of Ralstonia solanacearum species complex from Northern Thailand. J Phytopathol 170:176–184

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bihon W, Chen RJ, Kenyon L (2020) Identification and characterization of Ralstonia spp. causing bacterial wilt disease of vegetables in Mali. J Plant Pathol 102:1029–1039

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Buddenhagen I, Sequeira L, Kelman A (1962) Designation of races in Pseudomonas solanacearum. Phytopathology 52:726

    Google Scholar 

  • Denny TP (2006) Plant pathogenic Ralstonia species. In: Gnanamanickam SS (ed) Plant-Associated Bacteria. Netherlands, Springer Verlag, Amsterdam, pp 573–644

    Google Scholar 

  • Fegan M, Prior P (2005) How complex is the Ralstonia solanacearum species complex? In: Allen C, Prior P, Hayward AC (eds) Bacterial Wilt Disease and the Ralstonia solanacearum Species Complex. American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN, USA, pp 449–461

    Google Scholar 

  • García RO, Kerns JP, Thiessen L (2019) Ralstonia solanacearum Species Complex: A Quick Diagnostic Guide. Plant Health Prog 20:7–13

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hayes MM, MacIntyre AM, Allen C (2017) Complete Genome Sequences of the Plant Pathogens Ralstonia solanacearum Type Strain K60 and R. solanacearum Race 3 Biovar 2 Strain UW551. Genome Announc 5(40):e01088–e01017

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hayward A (1964) Characteristics of Pseudomonas solanacearum. J Appl Bacteriol 27:265–277

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hong JC, Norman DJ, Reed DL, Momol MT, Jones JB (2012) Diversity among Ralstonia solanacearum strains isolated from the southeastern United States. Phytopathology 102:924–936

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jeong Y, Kim J, Kang Y, Lee S, Hwang I (2007) Genetic diversity and distribution of Korean isolates of Ralstonia solanacearum. Plant Dis 91:1277–1287

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jimenez Madrid AM, Doyle VP, Lewis Ivey ML (2019) Characterization of Ralstonia solanacearum species complex strains causing bacterial wilt of tomato in Louisiana, USA. Can J Plant Path 41(3):329–338

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Joselito EV, Kenichi T, Horita M, Natural M, Opina N, Hyakumachi M (2005) Phylogenetic relationships of Ralstonia solanacearum species complex strains from Asia and other continents based on 16S rDNA, endoglucanase, and hrpB gene sequences. J Gen Plant Pathol 71:39–46

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kado C, Heskett M (1970) Selective media for isolation of Agrobacterium, Corynebacterium, Erwinia, Pseudomonas and Xanthomonas. Phytopathology 60:969–976

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kyaw HWW, Tsuchiya K, Matsumoto M (2017) Iiyama1 K, Aye SS, Zaw M, Kurose D, Horita M, Furuya N (2017) Genetic diversity of Ralstonia solanacearum strains causing bacterial wilt of solanaceous crops in Myanmar. J Gen Plant Pathol 83:216–225

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lebeau A, Daunay MC, Frary A, Palloix A, Wang JF, Dintinger J, Chiroleu F, Wicker E, Prior P (2011) Bacterial wilt resistance in tomato, pepper, and eggplant: Genetic resources respond to diverse strains in the Ralstonia solanacearum species complex. Phytopathology 101:154–165

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Li Y, Feng J, Liu H, Wang L, Hsiang T, Li X, Huang J (2016) Genetic diversity and pathogenicity of Ralstonia solanacearum causing tobacco bacterial wilt in China. Plant Dis 100:1288–1296

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Namisy A, Chen J, Prohen J, Metwally E, Elmahrouk M, Rakha M (2019) Screening of cultivated eggplant and wild relatives for resistance to bacterial wilt (Ralstonia solanacearum). Agriculture 9(7):157

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Opina N, Tavner F, Hollway G, Wang J, Li T, Maghirang R, Fegan M, Hayward A, Krishnapillai V, Hong W (1997) A novel method for development of species and strain-specific DNA probes and PCR primer for identifying Burkholderia solanacearum (formerly Pseudomonas solanacearum). Asia Pac J Mol Biol Biotechnol 5:19–30

    Google Scholar 

  • Poussier S, Prior P, Luisetti J, Hayward C, Fegan M (2000) Partial sequencing of the hrpB and endoglucanase genes confirms and expands the known diversity within the Ralstonia solanacearum species complex. Syst Appl Microbiol 23:479–486

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Prior P, Fegan M (2005) Recent developments in the phylogeny and classification of Ralstonia solanacearum. Acta Hortic (wagening) 695:127–136

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rakha M, Namisy A, Chen JR, El-Mahrouk ME, Metwally E, Taha N, Prohens J, Plazas M, Taher D (2020) Development of Interspecific Hybrids between a Cultivated Eggplant Resistant to Bacterial Wilt (Ralstonia solanacearum) and Eggplant Wild Relatives for the Development of Rootstocks. Plants (basel) 9(10):1405

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ramesh R, Achari GA, Gaitonde S (2014) Genetic diversity of Ralstonia solanacearum infecting solanaceous vegetables from India reveals the existence of unknown or newer sequevars of phylotype I strains. Plant Pathol 140:543–562

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Safni I, Cleenwerck I, De Vos P, Fegan M, Sly L, Kappler U (2014) Polyphasic taxonomic revision of the Ralstonia solanacearum species complex: proposal to emend the descriptions of Ralstonia solanacearum and Ralstonia syzygii and reclassify current R. syzygii strains as Ralstonia syzygii subsp. syzygii subsp. nov., R. solanacearum phylotype IV strains as Ralstonia syzygii subsp. indonesiensis subsp. nov., banana blood disease bacterium strains as Ralstonia syzygii subsp. celebesensis subsp. nov. and R. solanacearum phylotype I and III strains as Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum sp. nov. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 64:3087–3103

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • She X, Lin Y, Lan G, Tang Y, He Z (2017) Identification and Genetic Characterization of Ralstonia solanacearum Species Complex Isolates from Cucurbita maxima in China. Front Plant Sci 8:1794

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shukla A, Thakur R (2018) First report of Septoria Leaf Spot on Marigold (Tagetes erecta L) from Himachal Pradesh, India. Int J Curr Microbiol Appl Sci 7(1):1744–1748

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shutt VM, Shin G, Van Der Waals JE, Goszczynska T (2018) Coutinho TA (2018) Characterization of Ralstonia strains infecting tomato plants in South Africa. Crop Protection Elsevier 112:56–62

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Somasundaram E (2017) Marigold plants keep nematodes away [on-line]. Available: http://agritech.tnau.ac.in/tnaupressnotes/pdf/2017/Marigold/Nematode/English.pdf. Accessed 5 Apr 2017

  • Thammakijjawat P, Thaveechai N, Kositratana W, Chunwongse J, Frederick RD, Schaad NW (2001) Genetic analysis of Ralstonia solanacearum strains from different hosts in Thailand using PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism. Kasetsart J (nat Sci) 35:397–408

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Thano P, Akarapisan A (2018) Phylotype and sequevar of Ralstonia solanacearum which causes bacterial wilt in Curcuma alismatifolia Gagnep. Lett Appl Microbiol 66(5):384–393

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Thaveechai N, Kositratana W, Phuntumart V, Leksomboon C, Khongplean P (1997) Management of bacterial wilt of tomato 7. In: AVRDC. Collaborative vegetable research in Southeast Asia: Proceedings of the AVNET-II Final Workshop, Bangkok, Thailand, 1–6 Sep. 1996. Publication no. 97, pp 397–40

  • Wicker E, Lefeuvre P, De Cambiaire JC, Lemaire C, Poussier S, Prior P (2012) Contrasting recombination patterns and demographic histories of the plant pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum inferred from MLSA. ISME J 6:961–974

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Waki T, Horita M, Kurose D, Mulya K, Tsuchiya K (2013) Genetic diversity of Zingiberaceae plant isolates of Ralstonia solanacearum in the Asia-Pacific Region. JARQ 47:283–294

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zulperi D, Sijam K, Ahmad M, Zainal A, Awang Y, Sulaiman Rashid T (2014) Occurrence of Ralstonia solanacearum race 2 biovar 1 associated with Moko disease of banana (Musa paradisiaca cv. Nipah) in Malaysia. J Phytopathol 162(10):697–702

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zulperi D, Sijam K, Abidin Ahmad ZAM, Awang Y, Ismail SI, Asib N, Hata EM (2015) Genetic diversity of Ralstonia solanacearum phylotype II sequevar 4 strains associated with Moko disease of banana (Musa spp.) in Peninsular Malaysia. Eur J Plant Pathol 144:257–270

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors are thankful to Research & Development, East–West Seed Company, Chiang Mai, Thailand also Plant Pathology, Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology and Innovation Agriculture Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand for providing the facilities for the research work.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Plant Pathology, Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand

    Laoongdao Soongnern & Angsana Akarapisan

  2. Department of Plant Pathology, Research & Development, East–West Seed Company, Chiang Mai, Thailand

    Laoongdao Soongnern, Jutharat Chuapong & Simon J. de Hoop

  3. Department of Plant Pathology, Research & Development, East–West Seed Company, Suphanburi, Thailand

    Mongkol Sratongjun

  4. Department of Biotechnology, Research & Development, East–West Seed Company, Chiang Mai, Thailand

    Hatthaya Arunothayanan

  5. Department of Plant Pathology, Research & Development, East–West Seed Company, Manila, Philippines

    Cherry Relevante

  6. Innovation Agriculture Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand

    Angsana Akarapisan

Authors
  1. Laoongdao Soongnern
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Jutharat Chuapong
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Hatthaya Arunothayanan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Mongkol Sratongjun
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Cherry Relevante
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Simon J. de Hoop
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Angsana Akarapisan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Angsana Akarapisan.

Ethics declarations

Ethical approval

This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Soongnern, L., Chuapong, J., Arunothayanan, H. et al. Phylotype and sequevar analysis of a Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum causing wilt in marigold (Tagetes erecta). J Plant Pathol 104, 1499–1508 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42161-022-01200-4

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42161-022-01200-4

Keywords

Search

Navigation