Abstract
The orchid Guarianthe skinneri (Bateman) Dressler & Higgins, with attractive mauve flowers, survives in small populations in forest fragments in Mexico and Central America. This orchid is vulnerable due to illegal extraction and habitat reduction. Attempts at sustainable cultivation are hindered by a disease, referred to in this study as the "Black Blotch", characterized in the field by the development of black areas and necrosis on the surface of the pseudobulbs. Fungi were isolated from infected pseudobulbs of G. skinneri cultivated under semi-natural conditions. The fungal strains were identified using morphological and molecular methods. Lasiodiplodia was isolated and described, with hyaline immature conidia and brown, septate mature conidia. The identity of five of the isolates was confirmed as Lasiodiplodia theobromae and three isolates as Lasiodiplodia sp. Pathogenicity tests were carried out by inoculating the isolates on pseudobulbs of healthy, mature plants of G. skinneri. Symptoms appeared after 24 h, characterized by soft and slightly sunken light reddish-brown lesions, with a dark brown to black necrotic spot which increased in size, and, at 35 days, exudation, and detachment or rupture of the cuticle surface were observed. Pycnidia formed on the surface and between the cells of the spongy parenchyma of some of the pseudobulbs. The causal agents of the “Black Blotch” were identified as L. theobromae and Lasiodiplodia sp., this being the first report of Lasiodiplodia causing disease on Guarianthe skinneri.
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Acknowledgements
We are grateful to the orchid growers of Santa Rita Las Flores for allowing us access to their orchid cultivation units. The first author received a grant from CONACYT (no. 736042) which permitted the completion of this study. We thank Erika Roxana Bautista Arredondo for the images of conidia, hyphae and damaged tissue taken in the SEM Laboratory of the Colegio de la Frontera Sur (ECOSUR), in Tapachula. We appreciate the help and advice received from Javier Valle-Mora (statistics) and Alejandra López-Pastrana (laboratory work).
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Fabiola, HR., Patricia, FP.S., Anne, D. et al. Etiology of the “black blotch” caused by Lasiodiplodia in pseudobulbs of Guarianthe skinneri (Orchidaceae), in the Region of Soconusco, Chiapas, Mexico. J Plant Pathol 104, 1083–1095 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42161-022-01154-7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42161-022-01154-7