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Composition of essential oil of Moroccan Dysphania ambrosioides and its antimicrobial activity against bacterial and fungal phytopathogens

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Abstract

This study aimed to characterize the essential oil (EO) of Dysphania ambrosioides grown in Morocco and to evaluate its antimicrobial activity against fungal (Verticillium dahlia, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melonis and Fusarium culmorum) and bacterial (Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci, P. syringae pv. syringae and Erwinia amlovora) phytopathogens. Essential oil was extracted using the steam distillation method in Clevenger-type apparatus and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Its effect was studied using tests of inhibition zones in vitro and pathogenicity trials in planta. Results showed that EO of the Moroccan D. ambrosioides belongs to the ascaridole chemotype and exhibits elevated antifungal activity in vitro. When used at 500 μg ml−1, inhibition of radial growth of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp melonis, Fusarium culmorum and Verticillium dahilae ranged from 78% to 90%, while it was extremely reduced with purified ascaridole, suggesting that its main antifungal activity relies on constituents other than ascaridole. However, EO and purified ascaridole also exhibited great potential for in vitro antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae, Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci, Erwina amylovora and moderate activity against Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Furthermore, pathogenicity trials in planta revealed that EO provided elevated protection against wild fire disease caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci on Nicotiana benthamiana when used at 100 μg ml−1. It also protected Solanum lycopersicum plants against crown gall disease, however higher concentrations were needed. These results suggest that the EO from D. ambrosioides can be used as an antimicrobial agent to protect crops against fungal and bacterial disease.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the University Chouaib Doukkali El Jadida. The authors are grateful to Professor S. El Idrissi for reviewing the English of the manuscript.

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Author notes

  1. Manal Zefzoufi and Amal Smaili contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University Chouaib Doukkali, 24000, El Jadida, Morocco

    Manal Zefzoufi, Rabiaa Fdil, Abdelkarim Mouzdahir & Khadija Sraidi

  2. Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, Ecology and Ecosystem Valorization, Faculty of Sciences, University Chouaib Doukkali, 24000, El Jadida, Morocco

    Amal Smaili, Lalla Aicha Rifai, Tayeb Koussa, Kacem Makroum & Mohamed Faize

  3. Group of Fruit Tree Biotechnology, Department of Plant Breeding, CEBAS-CSIC, PO Box 164, 30100, Murcia, Spain

    Lydia Faize

  4. Materials Laboratory, Nanotechnology and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohamed V, Rabat, Morocco

    Abdelkader Ben Ali & Mohamed Tabyaoui

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  1. Manal Zefzoufi
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Correspondence to Mohamed Faize.

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Manal Zefzoufi declares that she has no conflict of interest, Amal Smaili declares that she has no conflict of interest, Rabiaa Fdil declares that she has no conflict of interest, Lalla Aicha Rifai declares that she has no conflict of interest, Lydia Faize declares that she has no conflict of interest, Tayeb Koussa declares that he has no conflict of interest, Kacem Makroum declares that he has no conflict of interest, Abdelkader Ben Ali declares that he has no conflict of interest, Mohamed Tabyaoui declares that he has no conflict of interest, Abdelkarim Mouzdahir declares that he has no conflict of interest, Khadija Sraidi declares that she has no conflict of interest, Mohamed Faize declares that he has no conflict of interest.

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Zefzoufi, M., Smaili, A., Fdil, R. et al. Composition of essential oil of Moroccan Dysphania ambrosioides and its antimicrobial activity against bacterial and fungal phytopathogens. J Plant Pathol 102, 47–58 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42161-019-00371-x

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