Abstract
Nanoparticles have a lot of unique properties because of their unique surface and volume characters, and they have been successfully applied in various fields. The aggregation of the nanoparticles is an inevitable question. To extend the application of nanoparticles, solvent-free nanofluids or liquid-like nanoparticles with a core coated with flexible organic chains had been established by researchers at the beginning of the twenty-first century. Possessing unique properties and functionalities, solvent-free nanofluids can prevent the aggregation of nanoparticles. Besides, they could provide a new platform for common nanoparticles on functionalization and application. This article reviews the development and tendency of solvent-free nanofluids, including synthesis methods and promising applications of different kinds of solvent-free nanofluids. The approaches for synthesis of solvent-free nanofluids with different cores, corona, and canopy will be presented. Applications of these solvent-free nanofluids in a variety of areas comprising gas capture and separation, polymer modification and reinforcement, ionic electrolytes, luminescent materials, and decolorization are also discussed.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Gaol F, Shrivastava K, Akhtar J (2015) Recent trends in physics of material science and technology. Springer 12(3-4):315–316
Ayyub P, Multani M, Barma M, Palkar VR, Vijayaraghavan R (2000) Size-induced structural phase transitions and hyperfine properties of microcrystalline Fe2O3. J Phys C Solid State Phys 21(21):2229–2245
Meyers MA, Mishra A, Benson DJ (2006) Mechanical properties of nanocrystalline materials. Prog Mater Sci 51(4):427–556
Halas NJ, Averitt RD, Westcott SL (1999) Linear optical properties of gold nanoshells. J Opt Soc Am B 16(16):1824–1832
Che G, Lakshmi BB, Martin CR, Fisher ER (1999) Metal-nanocluster-filled carbon nanotubes: catalytic properties and possible applications in electrochemical energy storage and production. Langmuir 15(3):750–758
Villoria RGD, Miravete A (2007) Mechanical model to evaluate the effect of the dispersion in nanocomposites. Acta Mater 55(9):3025–3031
Bourlinos AB, Herrera RA, Chalkias N, Jiang DD, Zhang Q, Archer LA, Giannelis EP (2010) Surface-functionalized nanoparticles with liquid-like behavior. Adv Mater 17(2):234–237
Bourlinos AB, Chowdhury SR, Jiang DD, Zhang Q (2005) Weakly solvated PEG-functionalized silica nanoparticles with liquid-like behavior. J Mater Sci 40(18):5095–5097
Bourlinos AB, Ray Chowdhury S, Herrera R, Jiang DD, Zhang Q, Archer LA, Giannelis EP (2010) Functionalized nanostructures with liquid-like behavior: expanding the gallery of available nanostructures. Adv Funct Mater 15(8):1285–1290
Bourlinos AB, Giannelis EP, Zhang Q, Archer LA, Floudas G, Fytas G (2006) Surface-functionalized nanoparticles with liquid-like behavior: the role of the constituent components. Eur Phys J E Soft Matter 20(1):109–117
Lin KY, Park AH (2011) Effects of bonding types and functional groups on CO2 capture using novel multiphase systems of liquid-like nanoparticle organic hybrid materials. Environ Sci Technol 45(15):6633–6639
Moganty SS, Srivastava S, Lu Y, Schaefer JL, Rizvi SA, Archer LA (2012) Ionic liquid-tethered nanoparticle suspensions: a novel class of ionogels. Chem Mater 24(7):1386–1392
Zhang J, Chai S, Qiao Z, Mahurin SM, Chen J, Fang Y, Wan S, Nelson K, Zhang P, Dai S (2015) Porous liquids: a promising class of media for gas separation. Angew Chem Int Ed Eng 54(3):932–936
Bai H, Zheng Y, Li P, Zhang A (2015) Synthesis of liquid-like trisilanol isobutyl-POSS NOHM and its application in capturing CO2. Chem Res Chin Univ 31(3):484–488
Tsuyoshi M, Takashi N, Hill JP, Masahiro F, Katsuhiko A (2010) Room temperature liquid fullerenes: an uncommon morphology of C60 derivatives. J Am Chem Soc 37(49):10384–10385
Lei Y, Xiong C, Dong L, Guo H, Su X, Yao J, You Y, Tian D, Shang X (2007) Ionic liquid of ultralong carbon nanotubes. Small 3(11):1889–1893
Lei Y, Xiong C, Guo H, Yao J, Dong L, Su X (2008) Controlled viscoelastic carbon nanotube fluids. J Am Chem Soc 130(11):3256
Zhang J, Zheng Y, Yu P, Mo S, Wang R (2009) Modified carbon nanotubes with liquid-like behavior at 45 °C. Carbon 47(12):2776–2781
Zhang J, Zheng Y, Yu P, Mo S, Wang R (2009) The synthesis of functionalized carbon nanotubes by hyperbranched poly(amine-ester) with liquid-like behavior at room temperature. Polymer 50(13):2953–2957
Tang Z, Zhang L, Zeng C, Lin T, Guo B (2012) General route to graphene with liquid-like behavior by non-covalent modification. Soft Matter 8(35):9214
Li Q, Dong L, Liu Y, Xie H, Xiong C (2011) A carbon black derivative with liquid behavior. Carbon 49(3):1047–1051
Zheng Y, Zhang J, Lan L, Yu P, Rodriguez R, Herrera R, Wang D, Giannelis EP (2010) Preparation of solvent-free gold nanofluids with facile self-assembly technique. Chemphyschem 11(1):61–64
Moganty SS, Jayaprakash N, Nugent JL, Shen J, Archer LA (2010) Ionic-liquid-tethered nanoparticles: hybrid electrolytes. Angew Chem 122(48):9344–9347
Tan Y, Zheng Y, Wang N, Zhang A (2012) Controlling the properties of solvent-free Fe3O4 nanofluids by corona structure. Nano-Micro Lett 4(4):208–214
Zheng Y, Zhang A, Tan Y, Wang N, Yu P (2013) Property-structure relationship of titania ionic liquid nanofluids. Soft Mater 11(3):315–320
Lin KYA, Yang H, Lee WD, Tsao KY (2015) A magnetic fluid based on covalent-bonded nanoparticle organic hybrid materials (NOHMs) and its decolorization application in water. J Mol Liq 204:50–59
Gu S, Gao X, Zhang Y (2015) Synthesis and characterization of solvent-free ionic molybdenum disulphide (MoS2) nanofluids. Mater Chem Phys 149-150:587–593
Li Q, Dong L, Deng W, Zhu Q, Liu Y, Xiong C (2009) Solvent-free fluids based on rhombohedral nanoparticles of calcium carbonate. J Am Chem Soc 131(26):9148–9149
Zheng Y, Zhang J, Lan L, Yu P (2011) Sepiolite nanofluids with liquid-like behavior. Appl Surf Sci 257(14):6171–6174
Zhang J, Zheng Y, Lan L, Mo S, Yu P, Shi W, Wang R (2009) Direct synthesis of solvent-free multiwall carbon nanotubes/silica nonionic nanofluid hybrid material. ACS Nano 3(8):2185–2190
Li P, Zheng Y, Wu Y, Qu P, Yang R, Wang N, Li M (2014) A nanoscale liquid-like graphene@Fe3O4 hybrid with excellent amphiphilicity and electronic conductivity. New J Chem 38(10):5043–5051
Zheng Y, Yang R, Wu F, Li D, Wang N, Zhang A (2014) A functional liquid-like multiwalled carbon nanotube derivative in the absence of solvent and its application in nanocomposites. RSC Adv 4(57):30004–30012
Li P, Zheng Y, Li M, Fan W, Shi T, Wang Y, Zhang A, Wang J (2016) Enhanced flame-retardant property of epoxy composites filled with solvent-free and liquid-like graphene organic hybrid material decorated by zinc hydroxystannate boxes. Compos A: Appl Sci Manuf 81:172–181
Bai H, Zheng Y, Wang T, Peng N (2016) Magnetic solvent-free nanofluid based on Fe3O4/polyaniline nanoparticles and its adjustable electric conductivity. J Mater Chem A 4(37):14392–14399
Bourlinos AB, Vasilios G, Vasilios T, Nikolaos B, Rafael H, Giannelis EP (2010) Functionalized carbon nanotubes: synthesis of meltable and amphiphilic derivatives. Small 2(10):1188–1191
Jespersen ML, Mirau PA, Meerwall EV, Vaia RA, Giannelis EP (2011) NMR Characterization of Canopy Dynamics in Nanoscale Ionic Materials. Acs Symposium 1077 (4):149-160
Yu HY, Koch DL (2010) Structure of solvent-free nanoparticle-organic hybrid materials. Langmuir 26(22):16801–16811
Li P, Shi T, Yao D, Wang Y, Chao L, Zheng Y (2016) Covalent nanocrystals-decorated solvent-free graphene oxide liquids. Carbon 110:87–96
Bourlinos AB, Kannan R, Rafael H, Qiang Z, Archer LA, Giannelis EP (2004) A liquid derivative of 12-tungstophosphoric acid with unusually high conductivity. J Am Chem Soc 126(47):15358–15359
Vilatela JJ, Eder D (2012) Nanocarbon composites and hybrids in sustainability: a review. ChemSusChem 5(3):456–478
Roy N, Sengupta R, Bhowmick AK (2012) Modifications of carbon for polymer composites and nanocomposites. Prog Polym Sci 37(6):781–819
Liu J, Rinzler AG, Dai H, Hafner JH, Bradley RK, Boul PJ, Lu A, Iverson T, Shelimov K, Huffman CB (1998) Fullerene pipes. Science 280(5367):1253–1256
Warren SC, Banholzer MJ, Slaughter LS, Giannelis EP, Disalvo FJ, Wiesner UB (2006) Generalized route to metal nanoparticles with liquid behavior. J Am Chem Soc 128(37):12074–12075
Agrawal S, Kumar A, Frederick MJ, Ramanath G (2010) Hybrid microstructures from aligned carbon nanotubes and silica particles. Small 1(8-9):765–765
Guo S, Zhai J, Fang Y, Dong S, Wang E (2010) Nanoelectrocatalyst based on high-density Au/Pt hybrid nanoparticles supported on a silica nanosphere. Chem Asian J 3(7):1156–1162
Mousavand T, Takami S, Umetsu M, Ohara S, Adschiri T (2006) Supercritical hydrothermal synthesis of organic-inorganic hybrid nanoparticles. J Mater Sci 41:1445–1448
Deng J, Ding X, Zhang W, Peng Y, Wang J, Long X, Pei L, Chan ASC (2003) Magnetic and conducting Fe3O4-ross-linked polyaniline nanoparticles with core-hell structure. Polymer 43(8):2179–2184
Silva EFD, Svendsen HF (2004) Ab initio study of the reaction of carbamate formation from CO2 and alkanolamines. Ind Eng Chem Res 43(13):3413–3418
Gabrielsen J, Michelsen ML, Stenby EH, Kontogeorgis GM (2005) A model for estimating CO2 solubility in aqueous alkanolamines. Ind Eng Chem Res 44(9):3348–3354
George M, Weiss RG (2001) Chemically reversible organogels: aliphatic amines as “latent” gelators with carbon dioxide. J Am Chem Soc 123(42):10393–10394
George M, Weiss RG (2002) Chemically reversible organogels via “Latent” gelators. Aliphatic amines with carbon dioxide and their ammonium carbamates†. Langmuir 18:7124–7135
Qu P, Zheng Y, Yang R, Li D, Fan W, Lu Y (2015) Effect of canopy structures on CO2 capture capacity and properties of NONMs. Colloid Polym Sci 293(6):1623–1634
Li P, Yang R, Zheng Y, Qu P, Chen L (2015) Effect of polyether amine canopy structure on carbon dioxide uptake of solvent-free nanofluids based on multiwalled carbon nanotubes. Carbon 95:408–418
Yang R, Zheng Y, Li P, Bai H, Wang Y, Chen L (2016) Effects of acidification time of MWCNTs on carbon dioxide capture of liquid-like MWCNTs organic hybrid materials. RSC Adv 6(89):85970–85977
Li Q, Dong L, Li L, Su X, Xie H, Xiong C (2012) The effect of the addition of carbon nanotube fluids to a polymeric matrix to produce simultaneous reinforcement and plasticization. Carbon 50(5):2056–2060
Yang Y, Yu L, Peng R, Huang Y, He C, Liu H, Wang X, Xie X, Mai Y (2012) Incorporation of liquid-like multiwalled carbon nanotubes into an epoxy matrix by solvent-free processing. Nanotechnology 23(22):225701
Feng Q, Dong L, Huang J, Li Q, Fan Y, Xiong J, Xiong C (2010) Fluxible monodisperse quantum dots with efficient luminescence. Angew Chem Int Ed Eng 49(51):9943–9946
Sun L, Fang J, Reed JC, Estevez L, Bartnik AC, Hyun BY, Wise FW, Malliaras GG, Giannelis EP (2010) Lead-salt quantum-dot ionic liquids. Small 6(5):638–641
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Additional information
Publisher’s note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Wang, Y., Yao, D. & Zheng, Y. A review on synthesis and application of solvent-free nanofluids. Adv Compos Hybrid Mater 2, 608–625 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42114-019-00125-4
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42114-019-00125-4