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Integrated geoelectrics and hydrogeochemistry investigation for potential groundwater contamination around a reclaimed dumpsite in Taraa, Ogbomoso, Southwestern Nigeria

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Abstract

An open dumpsite in Ogbomoso, Southwestern Nigeria was reclaimed to accommodate residential buildings due to increased population. Hence, possible groundwater contamination was investigated using electrical resistivity and hydrogeochemistry methods to ascertain the degree of potability of groundwater in the area. Twenty-two (22) depth sounding data were quantitatively interpreted along four traverses. The final layer parameters (resistivities and thicknesses) were used to construct geoelectric sections. Two-dimensional resistivity structures were generated along the traverses using dippro™ software package. Data from physicochemical properties and concentrations of anions, cations, and heavy metals of groundwater samples from nine (9) hand-dug wells around the dumpsite were determined and compared with World Health Organisation and Nigerian Industrial Standard baseline for potable water. The geoelectric strata identified were topsoil, laterite, weathered basement, partly weathered/fractured basement and fresh basement with layer resistivities and thicknesses between 11 and 493, 222 and 681, 6.0 and 369, 5.0 and 422, 558 and 53,037 Ωm; 0.3 and 3.0, 0.8 and 0.9, 7.7 and 17.5, 12 and 20 m thick, respectively. Depth to rock-head was between 2.0 and 20 m. Zones of relatively low-resistivity values (6–22 Ωm) suspected to be contaminant plumes at 0–6 m depth beneath the dumpsite were delineated. Concentrations (ppm) of anions, cations and hydrogeochemical parameters in the groundwater samples conformed to threshold for potable water, while excess ionic concentrations of Ni (av. 038), Cd (av. 0.03) and As (av. 0.02) were obtained in the groundwater samples. Further analyses showed that laterally dispersed of ions was possible at about 3–6 m depth. The concentration of elemental ions obtained in the water samples, however, portends potential groundwater contamination in the area.

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Acknowledgements

The acting Head of Department, Department of Earth Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria is appreciated for allowing the use of SAS 1000 Terammeter during the geoelectric data acquisition stage. Also, the inhabitants of Taara (the evolving residential area) are acknowledged for creating enabling environment for our data acquisition teams in the area.

Funding

This work did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial and not-for-profit sectors.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Earth Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, P.M.B 4000, Ogbomoso, Nigeria

    O. G. Bayowa, O. A. Afolabi, A. O. Oshonaiye, I. O. Adelere & A. W. Mudashir

  2. Department of Remote Sensing and GIS, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria

    F. O. Akinluyi

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  1. O. G. Bayowa
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  2. O. A. Afolabi
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  3. F. O. Akinluyi
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  4. A. O. Oshonaiye
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  5. I. O. Adelere
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  6. A. W. Mudashir
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Contributions

OGB and OAA designed and supervised the study. OGB, OAA and FOA formulated suitable methods used in the study. AOO, IOA and AWM anchored the data acquisition. OGB, OAA and FOA handled the literature review. FOA, AOO and IOA analyzed and interpreted the data. IOA and AWM produced the figures. OGB prepared the first manuscript draft. OGB, OAA, FOA, AOO, IOA and AWM prepared the final version of the manuscript and approved it for submission.

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Correspondence to O. G. Bayowa.

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Bayowa, O.G., Afolabi, O.A., Akinluyi, F.O. et al. Integrated geoelectrics and hydrogeochemistry investigation for potential groundwater contamination around a reclaimed dumpsite in Taraa, Ogbomoso, Southwestern Nigeria. Int J Energ Water Res 7, 133–154 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42108-021-00167-9

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