Abstract
Reinforced Concrete (RC) buildings are prone to localized damage from seismic events, risking catastrophic collapse if untreated. Retrofit techniques like carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) treatment and masonry infill walls are employed to enhance structural performance. In the present study, an extensive experimental laboratory investigation study has been conducted to monitor the responses of carbon fiber reinforced polymer treated damaged bare and infilled RC frames by static in-plane cyclic loading to assess the applicability of the retrofit measure for those frames under earthquake loading. Four damaged frames were retrofitted with CFRP laminates and subjected to static cyclic loading, while two frames included masonry infills. Tests were conducted to determine compressive strength, drying shrinkage, and the effects of nylon fiber in cement mortars and masonry prisms. Results showed that a 0.1% dosage of nylon fiber provided maximum compressive strength in mortar. The inclusion of nylon fiber in mortar and plaster increased compressive strength by 9.26% and 22.40%, respectively. The inclusion of nylon fiber in the concrete matrix increased compressive strength by 20.16%, and when combined with a single layer of CFRP laminates, the increase reached 144%. The inclusion of nylon fiber resulted in a 30% increase in load-carrying capacity and a 22.2% increase in energy dissipation in retrofitted frames. Adding masonry infill walls further increased load capacity by 70%, reduced displacements by 95.1%, and decreased energy dissipation by 74.5%. Finally, the inclusion of nylon fiber between masonry layers increased load capacity by 3.8% and reduced energy dissipation by 17.85%. These findings highlight the benefits of CFRP retrofitting and the use of nylon fiber in improving the behavior of damaged RC frames.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
Data availability
The datasets generated and analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
References
ACI Committee 440. (2010). 440.7R–10: Guide for the design and construction of externally bonded fiber-reinforced polymer systems for strengthening unreinforced masonry structures. American Concrete Institute. https://doi.org/10.14359/51663675
Akin, E., Ozcebe, G., & Ersoy, U. (2009). Strengthening of brick infilled reinforced concrete (RC) frames with carbon fiber reinforced polymers (CFRP) sheets. In A. Ilki, F. Karadogan, S. Pala, & E. Yuksel (Eds.), Seismic risk assessment and retrofitting: with special emphasis on existing low rise structures (pp. 367–386). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2681-1_18
ASTM C109/C109M-20. (2020). Standard test method for compressive strength of hydraulic cement mortars (using 2-in. or [50-mm] cube specimens). ASTM International.
ASTM C1314-21. (2021). Standard test method for compressive strength of masonry prisms. ASTM International.
Batikha, M., & Alkam, F. (2015). The effect of mechanical properties of masonry on the behavior of FRP-strengthened masonry-infilled RC frame under cyclic load. Composite Structures, 134, 513–522. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2015.08.105
Das, S. S., & Mutsuddy, R. (2022). Investigation of the compressive strength of CFRP wrapped nylon fiber reinforced concrete cylinders. Journal of Engineering Science, 13(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.3329/jes.v13i1.60560
Jannat, S., Tahsin, H., Tahsin, A., & Mutsuddy, R. (2020). Influence of nylon fiber on mechanical properties of cement mortar prepared from local construction materials. In: 5th international conference on advances in civil engineering (ICACE-2020), CUET, Chattogram, Bangladesh.
Kaushik, H., Rai, D., & Jain, S. (2006). Code approaches to seismic design of masonry-infilled reinforced concrete frames: A state-of-the-art review. Earthquake Spectra - Earthq Spectra. https://doi.org/10.1193/1.2360907
Kaveh, A. (2017). Applications of metaheuristic optimization algorithms in civil engineering. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48012-1_1
Kaveh, A., Izadifard, R., & Mottaghi, L. (2019). Optimal design of planar RC frames considering CO2 emissions using ECBO, EVPS and PSO metaheuristic algorithms. Journal of Building Engineering, 28, 101014. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2019.101014
Kaveh, A., Kalateh Ahani, M., & Fahimi Farzam, M. (2013). Constructability optimal design of reinforced concrete retaining walls using a multi-objective genetic algorithm. Structural Engineering and Mechanics, 47, 227–245. https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2013.47.2.227
Kaveh, A., & Maniat, M. (2015). Damage detection based on MCSS and PSO using modal data. Smart Structures and Systems, 15, 1253–1270. https://doi.org/10.12989/sss.2015.15.5.1253
Murty, C. V. R., & Jain, S. K. (2000). Beneficial influence of masonry infill walls on seismic performance of RC frame buildings. In: 12th world conference on earthquake engineering, Auckland, New Zealand.
Obaidat, Y. T., Abu-Farsakh, G. A. F. R., & Ashteyat, A. M. (2019). Retrofitting of partially damaged reinforced concrete beam-column joints using various plate-configurations of CFRP under cyclic loading. Construction and Building Materials, 198, 313–322. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.11.267
Ozsayin, B., Yilmaz, E., Ispir, M., Ozkaynak, H., Yuksel, E., & Ilki, A. (2011). Characteristics of CFRP retrofitted hollow brick walls of reinforced concrete frames. Construction and Building Materials, 25, 4017–4024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2011.04.036
Peng, S., Xu, C., Lu, M., & Yang, J. (2018). Experimental research and finite element analysis on seismic behavior of CFRP-strengthened seismic-damaged composite steel-concrete frame columns. Engineering Structures, 155, 50–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2017.10.065
Ronagh, H. R., & Eslami, A. (2013). Flexural retrofitting of RC buildings using GFRP/CFRP—a comparative study. Composites Part b: Engineering, 46, 188–196. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2012.09.072
Samrose, S., & Mutsuddy, R. (2019, March 18). Durability of nylon fiber reinforcement concrete. In: International conference on disaster risk management, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Funding
The authors declare that no funds, grants, or other support were received during the preparation of this manuscript.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
RM and SSD contributed to conceptualization and methodology. SSD did data curation. SSD and RM performed formal analysis, investigation, and validation. RM performed project administration, and supervision and provided resources. SSD and SNM were involved in visualization and writing—original draft. RM, SSD, and SNM were responsible for writing—review and editing. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Competing interests
The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Mutsuddy, R., Das, S.S. & Majumder, S.N. Influence of nylon fiber on the response of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP)-retrofitted RC frame under cyclic load. Asian J Civ Eng 25, 3011–3024 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42107-023-00959-w
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42107-023-00959-w