Abstract
This research primarily intends to investigate the behaviour and strength of the deficient RC columns strengthened with partial steel jacketing method. For this purpose, an experimental investigation was carried out on seven deficient RC columns with a low concrete strength of 15.2 MPa. Keeping analogy to the practical situation, columns were made deficient further by preloading to the 70% of their ultimate compressive load. The partial steel jacketing method was made with four equal leg steel vertical angles and uniformly spaced horizontal strips. All the columns were tested under concentric axial loads till failure. The effect of the column preloading state was the main parameter in this study. The influence of steel angle ratio and spacing of the horizontal strips were investigated for the column 70% preloading state. However, this study resulted in a significant improvement in ultimate load (ranging from 87% to 186%) and ductility (ranging from 31% to 67%) of the deficient preloaded RC columns with this particular partially steel jacketing method. This enhancement in ultimate capacity was obtained to be reduced by 27% due to the application of 70% preloading to the RC columns before strengthening. The increase in steel angle ratio from 4% to 7% provided highest contribution in improving the ultimate strength of the preloaded column with respect to the un-strengthened (Ref) column. On the other hand, decreasing the strip spacing from 300 (2d) to 150 (d) mm resulted in an increase in capacity of the preloaded columns by an average value of 15% only. However, the ductility of the columns was improved significantly about 60% due to the reduction in strip spacing from (2d) to (d).
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abdel-Hay, A. S., & Fawzy, Y. A. G. (2015). Behavior of partially defected RC columns strengthened using steel jackets. Housing and Building National Research Center (HBRC) Journal, 11, 194–200. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hbrcj.2014.06.003.
ACI-318M99. (1999). Building code requirements for structural concrete. ACI, Detroit: American Concrete Institute.
Adam, J. M., Ivorra, S., Giménez, E., Moragues, J. J., Miguel, P., Miragal, C., & Calderón, P. A. (2007). Behaviour of axially loaded RC columns strengthened by steel angles and strips. Steel Compos Struct, 7(5), 405–419. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2007.7.5.405.
Adam, J. M., Ivorra, S., Pallarés, F. J., Giménez, E., & Calderón, P. A. (2009). Axially loaded RC columns strengthened by steel caging. finite element modeling. Construction and Building Materials, 23(6), 2265–2276. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2008.11.014.
Badalamenti, V., Campione, G., & Mangiavillano, M. L. (2010). Simplified model for compressive behavior of concrete columns strengthened by steel angles and strips. ASCE Journal of Engineering Mechanics, 136(2), 230–238. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)EM.1943-7889.0000069.
Belal, M. F., Mohamed, H. M., & Morad, S. A. (2015). Behavior of reinforced concrete columns strengthened by steel jacket. Housing and Building National Research Center (HBRC) Journal, 11, 201–212. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hbrcj.2014.05.002.
Calderón, P. A., Adam, J. M., Ivorra, S., Pallarés, F. J., & Giménez, E. (2009). Design strength of axially loaded RC columns strengthened by steel caging. Materials and Design, 30(10), 4069–4080. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2009.05.014.
Campione, G. (2012a). Load carrying capacity of RC compressed columns strengthened with steel angles and strips. Engineering Structures, 40, 457–465. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2012.03.006.
Campione, G. (2012b). Strength and ductility of R.C. columns strengthened with steel angles and battens. Construction and Building Materials, 35, 800–807. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2012.04.090.
Campione, G. (2013). RC columns strengthened with steel angles and battens: experimental results and design procedure. Practice Period Structure Design Construction ASCE, 18, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)SC.1943-5576.0000125.
Campione, G., Cavaleri, L., Trapani, F. D., & Ferrotto, M. F. (2017). Frictional effects on structural behavior of no-end-connected steel-jacketed RC columns: experimental results and new approaches to model numerical and analytical response. Journal of Structure Engineering ASCE, 143, 04017070. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0001796.
Chin, C.-L., Ma, C.-K., Tan, J.-Y., Ong, C.-B., Awang, A. Z., & Omar, W. (2019). Review on development of external steel-confined concrete. Construction and Building Materials, 211, 919–931. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.03.295.
Cirtek, L. (2001). RC columns strengthened with bandage-experimental program and design recommendations. Construction and Building Materials, 15(8), 341–349. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0950-0618(01)00015-0.
Devasis S (2017) Behaviour and strength of RC columns retrofitted with steel angles and strips under eccentric axial loads. Dissertation, Bangladesh University of Engineering University
Euro code No. 4. (1994) Design of composite steel and concrete structures. Part 1: General rules and rules for buildings. ENV 1994-1-1
Euro code No. 8. (2003) Design of structures for earthquake resistance. Part 3: Strengthening and repair of buildings. Doc CEN TC250/SC8/N343
Ferrotto, M. F., Cavaleri, L., & Papia, M. (2018a). Compressive response of substandard steel-jacketed RC columns strengthened under sustained service loads: from the local to the global behavior. Construction and Building Materials, 179, 500–511. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.05.247.
Ferrotto, M. F., Cavaleri, L., & Trapani, F. D. (2018b). FE modeling of Partially Steel-jacketed (PSJ) RC columns using CDP model. Computers and Concrete, 22(2), 143–152. https://doi.org/10.12989/cac.2018.22.2.143.
Ferrotto, M. F., Fischer, O., & Niedermeier, R. (2017). Experimental investigation on the compressive behavior of short term preloaded CFRP-confined concrete columns. Struct Concr. https://doi.org/10.1002/suco.201700072.
Giménez, E., Adam, J. M., Ivorra, S., Moragues, J. J., & Calderón, P. A. (2009a). Full-scale testing of axially loaded RC columns strengthened by steel angle and strip. Advances in Structural Engineering, 12(2), 169–181. https://doi.org/10.1260/136943309788251704.
Giménez, E., Adam, M. J., Ivorra, S., Moragues, J. J., & Calderón, P. A. (2009b). Influence of strips configuration on the behaviour of axially loaded RC columns strengthened by steel angles and strips. Mater Design, 30(10), 4103–4111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2009.05.010.
He, A., Cai, J., Chen, Q. J., Liu, X., & Xu, J. (2016). Behaviour of steel-jacket retrofitted RC columns with preload effects. Thin-Walled Struct, 109, 25–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2016.09.013.
He, A., Cai, J., Chen, Q. J., Liu, X., Xue, H., & Yu, C. (2017). Axial compressive behaviour of steel-jacket retrofitted RC columns with recycled aggregate concrete. Construction and Building, 141, 501–516. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.03.013.
He, Z., & Jin, J. P. (2011). Axial compressive behavior of CFRP-confined concrete columns subject to short-term preloading. Advances in Materials Research, 1(63–167), 3830–3837. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.163-167.3830.
Huang, F., Yu, X., & Chen, B. (2012). The structural performance of axially loaded CFST columns under various loading conditions. Steel and Composite Structures, 13(5), 451–471. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2012.13.5.451.
Issa, M. S., Elzeiny, S. M., Aly, E. H., & Metwally, I. M. (2010). Investigation of reinforced concrete columns strengthened externally with steel jacket and fiber composite. Scientific Journal of the National Water Research Center, 48, 51–68.
Khalifa, E. S., & Al-Tersawy, S. H. (2014). Experimental and analytical behavior of strengthened reinforced concrete columns with steel angle and strip. International Journal of Advanced Structural Engineering, 6(2), 62. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40091-014-0061-6.
Liu, R., & Yang, Y. (2020). Experimental study on seismic performance of seismic-damaged RC frame retrofitted by prestressed steel strips. Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, 18, 6475–6486. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-020-00931-y.
Mai, A. D., Sheikh, M. N., & Hadi, M. N. S. (2018a). Influence of the location of CFRP strips on the behaviour of partially wrapped square reinforced concrete columns under axial compression. Structures, 15, 131–137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2018.06.007.
Mai, A. D., Sheikh, M. N., & Hadi, M. N. S. (2018b). Investigation on the behaviour of partial wrapping in comparison with full wrapping of square RC columns under different loading conditions. Construction and Building Materials, 168, 153–168. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.02.003.
Nagaprasad, P., Sahoo, D. R., & Rai, D. C. (2009). Seismic strengthening of RC columns using external steel cage. Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, 38(14), 1563–1586. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.917.
Pan, Y., Wan, L., & Wu, X. (2017). Study on stress-strain relation of concrete confined by CFRP under preload. Engineering Structures, 143, 52–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2017.04.004.
Papanikolaou, V. K., Stefanidou, S. P., & Kappos, A. J. (2013). The effect of preloading on the strength of jacketed R/C columns. Construction and Building Materials, 38, 54–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2012.07.100.
Ramiez, J. L., Blrcena, J. M., Urreta, J. I., & Shchez, J. A. (1997). Efficiency of short steel jackets for strengthening square section concrete columns. Construction and Building Materials, 11(5–6), 345–352. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0950-0618(97)00056-1.
Shafei, E., & Rahmdel, J. M. (2017). Plasticity constitutive modeling of partially confined concrete with steel jacketing. KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering, 21, 2738–2750. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-017-1772-6.
Su, R. K. L., & Wang, L. (2012). Axial strengthening of preloaded rectangular concrete columns by precambered steel plates. Engineering Structures, 38, 42–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2012.01.003.
Takeuti, A. R., de Hanai, J. B., & Mirmiran, R. (2008). A Preloaded RC columns strengthened with high-strength concrete jackets under uniaxial compression. Materials and Structures, 41, 1251–1262. https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-007-9323-0.
Tarabia, A. M., & Albakry, H. F. (2014). Strengthening of RC columns by steel angles and strips. Alexandria Engineering Journal, 53(3), 615–626. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aej.2014.04.005.
Trapania, F. D., Malavisia, M., Maranoa, C. G., Grecob, R., & Ferrottoc, M. F. (2020). Optimal design algorithm for seismic retrofitting of RC columns algorithm for seismic retrofitting. Procedia Manufacturing, 44, 639–646. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.promfg.2020.02.245.
Vandoros, K. G., & Dritsos, S. E. (2006). Axial preloading effects when reinforced concrete columns are strengthened by concrete jackets. Progress in Structural Engineering and Materials, 8(3), 79–92. https://doi.org/10.1002/pse.215.
Xiao, Y., & Wu, H. (2003). Retrofit of reinforced concrete columns using partially stiffened steel jackets. Journal of Structural Engineering., 129, 725–732. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2003)129:6(725).
Acknowledgements
The authors acknowledge the members of the Structure and Materials Laboratory, Concrete Laboratory, and Welding Shop and Machine Shop of the Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET) for their cooperation and assistance. The authors also thank the anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments. The research described in this paper was fully supported by a grant from the Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET), Bangladesh.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
On behalf of all authors, the corresponding author states that there is no conflict of interest.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Akter, F., Begum, M. Behaviour of the partial steel-jacketed preloaded RC columns under concentric axial load. Asian J Civ Eng 22, 713–726 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42107-020-00342-z
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42107-020-00342-z