Abstract
A common building structural formation that is encountered worldwide includes multistory, multi-bay frames with interior infills. Usually, the bays of such frames are infilled with unreinforced masonry panels. These panels were considered as non-structural elements that were not taken into account in the structural design of multistory, multi-bay structures in the old design provisions. It has been revealed after numerous observations of the performance of masonry infills after strong earthquake motions that due to their considerable in-plane stiffness, they interact with the surrounding frame. This interaction may lead to undesirable change in the stress field for the structural elements of the frame structure. In certain cases, this interaction could result in larger, potentially damaging, demands on the frame elements that are often ignored. Currently, several seismic design codes and codes for interventions and enhancements include provisions attempting to consider the interaction of masonry infills with the surrounding frames in an indirect way. Moreover, different analytical and numerical approaches have been proposed by various researchers and regulators to determine the initial stiffness and strength of the masonry infills. However, in the majority of these cases, the influence of the peripheral mortar joint that forms the contact boundary between the masonry infill and the surrounding frame is ignored. The significance of such a contact boundary has been demonstrated by an extensive experimental and numerical investigation conducted at Aristotle University of Thessaloniki.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Asteris, P. G. (2008). Finite element micro-modeling of infilled frames. Electronic Journal of Structural Engineering, 8, 1–11.
Buonopane, S. G., & White, R. (1999). Pseudodynamic testing of masonry infilled reinforced concrete frame. Journal of Structural Engineering, 125(6), 578–589.
Campione, G., Cavaleri, L., Macaluso, G., Amato, G., & Di Trapani, F. (2014). Evaluation of infilled frames: An updated in-plane-stiffness macro-model considering the effects of vertical loads. Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-014-9714-x.
Cola, R. C. (1977). A computer program for reinforced concrete column analysis. Berkeley: User’s Manual and Documentation, Department of Civil Engineering, University of California.
Crisafulli, F. J., & Carr, A. J. (2007). Proposed macro-model for the analysis of infilled frame structure. Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering, 40(2), 69–77.
Dhanasekar, M., & Page, A. W. (1986). The influence of brick masonry infill properties on the behaviour of infilled frames. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers, Part 2, 81, 593–605.
EC 8-3. (2005). Design of structures for earthquake resistance, part 3: Strengthening and repair of buildings, European standard EN 1998-3. Brussels: European Committee for Standardization (CEN).
FEMA-356. (2000). Prestandard and commentary for the seismic rehabilitation of buildings. Washington, DC: Federal Emergency Management Agency.
Greek Regulation for Interventions. (2009). Regulation for interventions, Final revision-3. Athens: Organization for Seismic Planning and Protection (Ο.Α.Σ.Π.).
Holmes, M. (1961). Steel frames with brickwork and concrete infilling. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers, 19, 473–478.
Liaw, T. C., & Kwan, K. H. (1982). Non-linear analysis of multistory infilled frames. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers, 73(2), 441–454.
Mainstone R. J. (1974). On the Stiffness and strength of infilled frames. In Proceedings of Supplement Transactions of Institution of Civil Engineers. State University of New York.
Mallick, D. V., & Severn, R. T. (1967). The behavior of infilled frames under static loading. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers, 38, 639–656.
Manos, G. C., Soulis, V. J., & Thauampteh, J. (2012a). The behavior of masonry assemblages and masonry-infilled R/C frames subjected to combined vertical and cyclic horizontal seismic-type loading. International Journal Advances in Engineering Software, 45(1), 213–231.
Manos, G. C., Soulis, V. J., & Thauampteh, J. (2012b). A nonlinear numerical model and its utilization in simulating the in-plane behaviour of multi-story R/C frames with masonry infills. The Open Construction and Building Technology Journal, 6(Suppl 1-M16), 254–277.
Mehrabi, A. B., & Shing, P. (1997). Finite element modeling of masonry-infilled RC frames. Journal of Structural Engineering, 123(5), 604–613.
Riddington, J. R., & Stafford Smith, B. (1997). Analysis of infilled frames subject to racking with design recommendation. Structural Engineer, 55(6), 263–268.
Soulis, V. J. (2009). Investigation of the numerical simulation of masonry infilled R/C frame structures under seismic type loading. Ph.D. thesis, Department of Civil Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, in Greek.
Stafford Smith, B., & Carter, C. (1969). A method of analysis for infill frames. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers, 44, 31–48.
Tanganelli, M., Rotunno, T., & Viti, S. (2017). On the modelling of infilled RC frames through strut models. Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cogent Engineering. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311916.2017.1371578.
Thauampteh, J. (2009). Experimental investigation of the behavior of single-story R/C frames infills, virgin and repaired, under cyclic horizontal loading. Ph.D. thesis, Department of Civil Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, in Greek.
Zhai, C. H., Kong, J., Xi, Wang, & Chen, Z. (2016). Experimental and finite element analytical investigation of seismic behavior of full-scale masonry infilled RC frames. Journal of Earthquake Engineering, 20(7), 1171–1198. https://doi.org/10.1080/13632469.2016.1138171.
Acknowledgements
The experimental sequence was partially supported by funds provided by the European Union program “ENVIRONMENT”.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
On behalf of all authors, the corresponding author states that there is no conflict of interest.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Soulis, V.J. The stress state of masonry infilled panel under different surrounding conditions of contact with the RC frame. Asian J Civ Eng 20, 807–820 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42107-019-00146-w
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42107-019-00146-w