Abstract
This research presents the vertical characteristics of Modified Circular Perforated-Reinforced Elastomeric Isolators (MC-PREIs) under compression. Research on base isolation was undertaken to derive the lowest horizontal stiffness to obtain the fundamental period of an isolated structure, typically for light structures, such as residential housing. To achieve this purpose, geometric modifications were introduced by reducing the loaded area of the isolators. Prior to observing the horizontal characteristic, the vertical stiffness of MC-PREIs was considered to ensure that the interior modification influences the vertical characteristic of the isolator. Therefore, understanding of vertical characteristics due to interior modification was required. In this study, experimental vertical test results of Perforated-Reinforced Elastomeric Isolators (PREIs) were used to verify three-dimensional (3D) finite element (FE) model analyses of ANSYS. Furthermore, the 3D finite element models were used to undertake a parametric study on three MC-PREI configurations with different geometries. The FE method investigation considered the influence of the geometric modifications on the vertical stiffness and the compression modulus, in addition to strain and stress distribution in the perforated reinforcement and elastomer. The finite element analysis indicated that the greater reduction area in the isolator generated decreases significantly in compression modulus and vertical stiffness in addition to increasing the stress distribution on both rubber and perforated plate under compression.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ahmadipour, M., & Alam, M. S. (2017). Sensitivity analysis on mechanical characteristics of lead-core steel-reinforced elastomeric bearings under cyclic loading. Engineering Structures, 140, 39–50.
Al-Anany, Y. M., & Tait, M. J. (2017). Fiber reinforced elastomeric isolators for the seismic isolation of bridges. Composite Structures, 160, 300–311.
ANSYS Mechanical APDL. (2012). Release 15, ANSYS Ltd.
Bao, Yu., & Becker, T. C. (2018). Inelastic response of base-isolated structures subjected to impact. Engineering Structures, 171, 86–93.
British Standard (BS). 2005. Structural bearings: elastomeric bearings. 1337-3. British Standard, UK.
Designers, Specifiers and Buyers Handbook for Perforated Metals. (1993). A publications of the industrial perforators associations (IPA).
Ehsani, B., & Toopchi-Nezhad, H. (2017). Systematic design of unbounded fiber reinforced elastomeric isolators. Engineering Structures, 132, 383–398.
Engelen, N. C., Osgooei, P. M., Tait, M. J., & Konstantinidis, D. (2014). Experimental and finite element study on the compression properties of modified rectangular fiber-reinforced elastomeric isolators (MR-PREIs). Engineering Structures, 74, 52–64.
Kelly, J. M. (1999). Analysis of fiber-reinforced elastomeric isolators. Journal of Seismology and Earthquake Engineering, 2(1), 19–34.
Kelly, J. M. (2008). Analysis of the run-in effect in fiber-reinforced isolators under vertical load. Journal of Mechanics of Materials and Structures, 3(7), 1383–1401.
Kelly, J. M., & Calabrese, A. (2012). Mechanics of fiber-reinforced bearings. PEER Report 101. Berkeley: Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California.
Kelly, J. M., & Konstantinidis, D. (2009). Effect of friction on unbonded elastomeric bearings. Journal of Engineering Mechanics, 135(9), 953–960.
Kelly, J. M., & Konstantinidis, D. (2011). Mechanics of rubber bearings for seismic and vibration isolation. Chichester: Wiley.
Kelly, J. M., & Shakhzod, M. T. (2001). Analytical and experimental study of fiber- reinforced elastomeric isolators. PEER Report 11. Berkeley: Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California.
Konstantinidis, D., Kelly, J. M., Makris, N. (2008). Experimental investigation of the seismic response of bridge bearings. Report EERC-2008/02. Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley.
Kumar, M., Whittaker, A. S., & Constantinou, M. C. (2015). Response of base-isolated nuclear structures to extreme earthquake shaking. Nuclear Engineering and Design, 295, 860–874.
Osgooei, P. M., Engelen, N. C., Konstantinidis, D., & Tait, M. J. (2015). Experimental and finite element study on the lateral response of modified rectangular fiber-reinforced elastomeric isolators (MR-PREIs). Engineering Structures, 85, 293–303.
Osgooei, P. M., Tait, M. J., & Konstantinidis, D. (2017). Non-iterative computational model for fiber-reinforced elastomeric isolators. Engineering Structures, 137, 245–255.
Pauletta, M., Cortesia, A., Pitacco, I., & Russo, G. (2017). A new bi-linear constitutive shear relationship for unbounded fiber-reinforced elastomeric isolators (U-FREIs). Composite Structures, 168, 725–738.
Salgado, R. A., & Guren, S. (2018). A comparative study on the nonlinear models for performance-base earthquake engineering. Engineering Structures, 172, 382–391.
Sugihardjo, H. (2016). Tavio; and Y. Lesmana. Behavior of a base-isolated residential house in a highly seismic region. International Journal of Applied Engineering Research (IJAER), 11(14), 8253–8258.
Sugihardjo, H., & Tavio, T. (2015). Development of low-cost base isolation for residential houses in highly seismic regions. Program of the Excellent Research of College (PUPT). Institute Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya, Indonesia, Contract No. 003246.191/IT2.11/PN.08/2015.
Sugihardjo, H., Tavio, T., & Lesmana, Y. (2018). FE model of low-grade rubber for modeling housing’s low-cost rubber base isolators. Civil Engineering Journal, 4(1), 24–45.
Tsai, H. C. (2004). Compression stiffness of infinite-strip bearings of laminated elastic material interleaving with flexible reinforcements. International Journal of Solids and Structures, 41(24), 6647–6660.
Tsai, H. C. (2006). Compression stiffness of circular bearings of laminated elastic material interleaving with flexible reinforcements. International Journal of Solids and Structures, 43(11), 3484–3497.
Tsai, H. C., & Kelly, J. M. (2002). Stiffness analysis of fiber-reinforced rectangular seismic isolators. Journal of Engineering Mechanics, 128(4), 462–470.
Tsai, H. C., & Kelly, J. M. (2005a). Buckling load of seismic isolators affected by flexibility of reinforcement. International Journal of Solids and Structures, 42, 255–269.
Tsai, H. C., & Kelly, J. M. (2005b). Buckling of short beams with warping effect included. International Journal of Solids and Structures, 42, 239–253.
Vulcano, A. (1998). Comparative study of the earthquake and wind dynamic response of base- isolated building. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamic, 74, 751–764.
Yang, W., Sun, X., Wang, M., & Liu, P. (2017). Vertical stiffness degradation of laminated rubber bearings under lateral deformation. Construction and Building Materials, 152, 310–318.
Acknowledgements
The researchers would like to thank Axel Product, Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA, for their generous support in providing laboratory facilities to make all the rubber mechanical property tests possible. The researchers would also like to thank the R & D Center of Settlement, Ministry of Public Works and Housing, Cileunyi, Bandung, for all the experimental facilities and support provided.
Funding
This study is part of a research project entitled “Finite Element Study on Vertical Characteristic of Modified Circular Perforated-Reinforced Elastomeric Isolators (MC-PREIs)”, which was funded by the Ministry of Research and Higher Education, Indonesia, via the Program of the Excellent Research of College (PUPT), contract number 003246.191/IT2.11/PN.08/2015.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
On behalf of all authors, the corresponding author states that there is no conflict of interest.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Lesmana, Y., Sugihardjo, H. Finite element study on vertical characteristic of modified circular perforated-reinforced elastomeric isolators (MC-PREIs). Asian J Civ Eng 20, 21–33 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42107-018-0085-5
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42107-018-0085-5