Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Unravelling the Potential of Rice Residue - Boosting Wheat’s Productivity, Profit, and Soil Health with Varying N Levels

  • Research
  • Published:
International Journal of Plant Production Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Rice residue burning poses a significant challenge in the rice-wheat cropping system of India, leading to environmental pollution, health issues, and substantial nutrient loss. To combat this menace, a three-year study (2020-21 to 2022-23) was conducted, investigating the effects of rice residue retention (RRR) and rice residue incorporation (RRI) at graded N levels (0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 kg/ha) alongside farmers’ practices. The primary objective was to enhance wheat productivity, profitability, and soil fertility within this system. Pooled analysis revealed that RRR outperformed RRI at lower nitrogen doses, while RRI excelled with 7.5%, 7.4%, and 10.0% higher biological yields at higher nitrogen doses (100, 150, and 200 kg/ha). The success of RRR and RRI was attributed to 10.5% and 5.0% higher effective tiller/m2, respectively, compared to farmers’ practices at 150 kg N/ha. Notably, RRR exhibited superior NDVI values at the flag leaf stage (0.76) over farmers’ practices (0.73). At the 150 kg N/ha, RRR displayed a 9.6% lower cost of cultivation compared to farmers’ practices, with 19.6% higher net returns at lower N levels (50 kg/ha), suggesting its greater benefits under low-input conditions. Furthermore, RRR showed the highest benefit-cost ratio (2.75) at 150 kg N/ha, followed by RRI (2.59) and farmers’ practices (2.55). Over the three-year period, RRR significantly increased organic carbon content (0.49–0.54%) compared to the initial value (0.38%), affirming its long-term benefits. Consequently, the adoption of RRR by farmers is a preferable eco-friendly option over RRI and present practices for enhancing wheat productivity within the rice-wheat system. Due to 60–65% saving of fuel with the practice of zero tillage along with rice residue retention, it can reduce CO2 emission by 120 kg/ha, therefore, its implementation can reduce CO2 release by 1.62 MT in South Asia per year. Ultimately, it can meet the target of Paris Agreement of limiting global warming to 1.5 °C above pre-industrial levels and reaching net-zero CO2 emissions globally by 2050.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8

Similar content being viewed by others

Data Availability

All the data will be available on request to corresponding author (sc.tripathi@icar.gov.in).

References

  • Ali, A. M., & Ibrahim, S. M. (2020). Wheat grain yield and nitrogen uptake prediction using atLeaf and GreenSeeker portable optical sensors at jointing growth stage. Information Processing in Agriculture, 7(3), 375–383.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bakht, J., Shafi, M., Jan, M. T., & Shah, Z. (2009). Influence of crop residue management, cropping system and N fertilizer on soil N and C dynamics and sustainable wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production. Soil and Tillage Research, 104(2), 233–240.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Banjara, T. R., Bohra, J. S., Kumar, S., Singh, T., Shori, A., & Prajapat, K. (2022). Sustainable alternative crop rotations to the irrigated rice-wheat cropping system of Indo-Gangetic Plains of India. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science, 68(11), 1568–1585.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bhardwaj, A. K., Arya, G., Kumar, R., Hamed, L., Pirasteh-Anosheh, H., Jasrotia, P., Kashyap, P. L., & Singh, G. P. (2022). Switching to nanonutrients for sustaining agroecosystems and environment: The challenges and benefits in moving up from ionic to particle feeding. Journal of Nanobiotechnology, 20(1), 1–28.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bhatt, R., Kukal, S. S., Busari, M. A., Arora, S., & Yadav, M. (2016). Sustainability issues on rice–wheat cropping system. International Soil and Water Conservation Research, 4(1), 64–74.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bhatt, R., Verma, K. K., & Jamwal, N. S. (2023). Can Paddy-Compost eliminate N fertilization for Climate-Smart Sugarcane? Sugar Tech, 25(5), 1036–1046. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12355-023-01270-3.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bird, J. A., Horwath, W. R., Eagle, A. J., & van Kessel, C. (2001). Immobilization of fertilizer nitrogen in rice: Effects of straw management practices. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 65(4), 1143–1152.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chen, L., Sun, S., Yao, B., Peng, Y., Gao, C., Qin, T., Zhou, Y., Sun, C., & Quan, W. (2022). Effects of straw return and straw biochar on soil properties and crop growth: A review. Frontiers in Plant Science, 13. https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/plant-science/articles/https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.986763.

  • Chhokar, R. S., Sharma, R. K., Jat, G. R., Pundir, A. K., & Gathala, M. K. (2007). Effect of tillage and herbicides on weeds and productivity of wheat under rice–wheat growing system. Crop Protection, 26(11), 1689–1696.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Choudhury, S. G., Srivastava, S., Singh, R., Chaudhari, S. K., Sharma, D. K., Singh, S. K., & Sarkar, D. (2014). Tillage and residue management effects on soil aggregation, organic carbon dynamics and yield attribute in rice–wheat cropping system under reclaimed sodic soil. Soil and Tillage Research, 136, 76–83.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chowdhury, S., Farrell, M., Butler, G., & Bolan, N. (2015). Assessing the effect of crop residue removal on soil organic carbon storage and microbial activity in a no-till cropping system. Soil Use and Management, 31(4), 450–460. https://doi.org/10.1111/sum.12215.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cole, L., Buckland, S. M., & Bardgett, R. D. (2008). Influence of disturbance and nitrogen addition on plant and soil animal diversity in grassland. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 40(2), 505–514. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.09.018.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dhanda, S., Yadav, A., Yadav, D. B., & Chauhan, B. S. (2022). Emerging issues and potential opportunities in the rice–wheat cropping system of North-Western India. Frontiers in Plant Science, 13, https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.832683.

  • Dutta, A., Patra, A., Hazra, K. K., Nath, C. P., Kumar, N., & Rakshit, A. (2022). A state of the art review in crop residue burning in India: Previous knowledge, present circumstances and future strategies. Environmental Challenges, 100581. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667010022001378.

  • Ecarnot, M., Compan, F., & Roumet, P. (2013). Assessing leaf nitrogen content and leaf mass per unit area of wheat in the field throughout plant cycle with a portable spectrometer. Field Crops Research, 140, 44–50.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ghosh, M., Swain, D. K., Jha, M. K., Tewari, V. K., & Bohra, A. (2020). Optimizing chlorophyll meter (SPAD) reading to allow efficient nitrogen use in rice and wheat under rice-wheat cropping system in eastern India. Plant Production Science, 23(3), 270–285.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Grageda-Cabrera, O. A., Vera-Núñez, J. A., Aguilar-Acuña, J. L., Macías-Rodríguez, L., Aguado-Santacruz, G. A., & Peña-Cabriales, J. J. (2011). Fertilizer dynamics in different tillage and crop rotation systems in a Vertisol in Central Mexico. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems, 89, 125–134.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gupta, R. K., Hans, H., Kalia, A., Kang, J. S., Kaur, J., Sraw, P. K., Singh, A., Alataway, A., Dewidar, A. Z., & Mattar, M. A. (2022). Long-term impact of different straw management practices on carbon fractions and biological properties under rice–wheat system. Agriculture, 12(10), 1733.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hiloidhari, M., Das, D., & Baruah, D. C. (2014). Bioenergy potential from crop residue biomass in India. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 32, 504–512.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • HUANG, P., ZHANG, J., XIN, X., ZHU, A., ZHANG, C., Shan, Z. H. U. Q., Y., & WU, S. (2015). Proton accumulation accelerated by heavy chemical nitrogen fertilization and its long-term impact on acidifying rate in a typical arable soil in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 14(1), 148–157.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Islam, S. F., van Groenigen, J. W., Jensen, L. S., Sander, B. O., & de Neergaard, A. (2018). The effective mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions from rice paddies without compromising yield by early-season drainage. Science of the Total Environment, 612, 1329–1339. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.09.022.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jackson, M. L. (1973). Soil chemical analysis, pentice hall of India Pvt. Ltd New Delhi India, 498, 151–154.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jat, M. L., Chakraborty, D., Ladha, J. K., Rana, D. S., Gathala, M. K., McDonald, A., & Gerard, B. (2020). Conservation agriculture for sustainable intensification in South Asia. Nature Sustainability, 3(4). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-020-0500-2.

  • Jiang, C. M., Yu, W. T., Ma, Q., Xu, Y. G., & Zou, H. (2017). Alleviating global warming potential by soil carbon sequestration: A multi-level straw incorporation experiment from a maize cropping system in Northeast China. Soil and Tillage Research, 170, 77–84.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kaur, J., Ram, H., & Dhaliwal, S. S. (2018). GreenSeeker-based nitrogen scheduling in wheat (Triticum aestivum) for higher nitrogen-use efficiency and productivity. Indian Journal of Agronomy, 63(4), 457–461.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaur, R., Kaur, S., Deol, J. S., Sharma, R., Kaur, T., Brar, A. S., & Choudhary, O. P. (2021). Soil properties and weed dynamics in wheat as affected by rice residue management in the rice–wheat cropping system in south asia: A review. Plants, 10(5), 953.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Kaur, M., Malik, D. P., Malhi, G. S., Sardana, V., Bolan, N. S., Lal, R., & Siddique, K. H. M. (2022). Rice residue management in the Indo-Gangetic Plains for climate and food security. A review. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 42(5), 92. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13593-022-00817-0.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Khalid, U., Ahmad, K. E., Niamatullah, K., Abdur, R., Fazal, Y., & Saleem, U. D. (2014). Response of wheat to tillage plus rice residue and nitrogen management in rice-wheat system. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 13(11), 2389–2398.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Khankhane, P. J., Barman, K. K., & Varshney, J. G. (2009). Effect of rice residue management practices on weed density, wheat productivity and soil fertility in a swell-shrink soil.

  • Kim, Y., Glenn, D. M., Park, J., Ngugi, H. K., & Lehman, B. L. (2012). Characteristics of active spectral sensor for plant sensing. Transactions of the ASABE, 55(1), 293–301.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kumar, A., Jat, M. L., Kumar, A., Tomar, J., Kumar, S., & Kushwaha, S. R. (2016). Rice residue management in wheat under different tillage practices and nitrogen doses. Annals of Agricultural Research, 37(1). https://www.academia.edu/download/54717059/4._ANNALS_2016_own_paper.pdf.

  • Kumar, N., Chaudhary, A., Ahlawat, O. P., Naorem, A., Upadhyay, G., Chhokar, R. S., Gill, S. C., Khippal, A., Tripathi, S. C., & Singh, G. P. (2023). Crop residue management challenges, opportunities and way forward for sustainable food-energy security in India: A review. Soil and Tillage Research, 228, 105641.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ladha, J. K., Rao, A. N., Raman, A. K., Padre, A. T., Dobermann, A., Gathala, M., Kumar, V., Saharawat, Y., Sharma, S., & Piepho, H. P. (2016). Agronomic improvements can make future cereal systems in South Asia far more productive and result in a lower environmental footprint. Global Change Biology, 22(3), 1054–1074.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lal, R. (2014). Climate Strategic Soil Management. Challenges, 5(1). https://doi.org/10.3390/challe5010043.

  • Lin, M., & Begho, T. (2022). Crop residue burning in South Asia: A review of the scale, effect, and solutions with a focus on reducing reactive nitrogen losses. Journal of Environmental Management, 314, 115104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115104.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Liu, E., Yan, C., Mei, X., Zhang, Y., & Fan, T. (2013). Long-term effect of Manure and Fertilizer on Soil Organic Carbon pools in Dryland Farming in Northwest China. PLOS ONE, 8(2), e56536. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0056536.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Mahajan, A., & Gupta, R. D. (2009). Integrated nutrient management (INM) in a sustainable rice—wheat cropping system. Springer.

  • Mandal, B., Majumder, B., Bandyopadhyay, P. K., Hazra, G. C., Gangopadhyay, A., Samantaray, R. N., Mishra, A. K., Chaudhury, J., Saha, M. N., & Kundu, S. (2007). The potential of cropping systems and soil amendments for carbon sequestration in soils under long-term experiments in subtropical India. Global Change Biology, 13(2), 357–369.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Meena, D. L., & Singh, R. K. (2013). Response of wheat (Triticum aestivum) to rice (Oryza sativa) residue and weed management practices. Indian Journal of Agronomy, 58, 521–524.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nawaz, A., Farooq, M., Ul-Allah, S., Gogoi, N., Lal, R., & Siddique, K. H. M. (2021). Sustainable Soil Management for Food Security in South Asia. Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 21(1), 258–275. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42729-020-00358-z.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Olk, D. C., Cassman, K. G., Schmidt-Rohr, K., Anders, M. M., Mao, J. D., & Deenik, J. L. (2006). Chemical stabilization of soil organic nitrogen by phenolic lignin residues in anaerobic agroecosystems. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 38(11), 3303–3312.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Qin, X., Huang, T., Lu, C., Dang, P., Zhang, M., Guan, X., Wen, P., Wang, T. C., Chen, Y., & Siddique, K. H. M (2021). Benefits and limitations of straw mulching and incorporation on maize yield, water use efficiency, and nitrogen use efficiency. Agricultural Water Management, 256, 107128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2021.107128.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ram, H., Singh, G., Mavi, G. S., & Sohu, V. S. (2012). Accumulated heat unit requirement and yield of irrigated wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties under different crop growing environment in central Punjab. Journal of Agrometeorology, 14(2), 147–153.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ross, D. S., Lawrence, G. B., & Fredriksen, G. (2004). Mineralization and nitrification patterns at eight northeastern USA forested research sites. Forest Ecology and Management, 188(1), 317–335. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2003.08.004.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Saharawat, Y., & Sidhu, H. (2014). Management of cereal crop residues for sustainable rice-wheat production system in the Indo-Gangetic plains of India. Proceedings of the Indian National Science Academy, 80, 95. https://doi.org/10.16943/ptinsa/2014/v80i1/55089.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sapkota, T. B., Majumdar, K., Jat, M. L., Kumar, A., Bishnoi, D. K., McDonald, A. J., & Pampolino, M. (2014). Precision nutrient management in conservation agriculture based wheat production of Northwest India: Profitability, nutrient use efficiency and environmental footprint. Field Crops Research, 155, 233–244.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sharma, S., Singh, P., & Choudhary, O. P. (2021). Nitrogen and rice straw incorporation impact nitrogen use efficiency, soil nitrogen pools and enzyme activity in rice-wheat system in north-western India. Field Crops Research, 266, 108131.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sidhu, H. S., Manpreet-Singh, Humphreys, E., Yadvinder-Singh, Balwinder-Singh, Dhillon, S. S., Blackwell, J., Bector, V., Malkeet-Singh, & Sarbjeet-Singh. (2007). The happy seeder enables direct drilling of wheat into rice stubble. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture, 47(7), 844. https://doi.org/10.1071/EA06225.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Singh, B. (2016). Agronomic benefits of neem coated urea–a review. International Fertilizer Association Review Papers. Paris: International Fertilizer Association.

  • Singh, R. K., Sharma, G. K., Kumar, P., Singh, S. K., & Singh, R. (2019). Effect of crop residues management on soil properties and crop productivity of rice-wheat system in Inceptisols of Seemanchal region of Bihar. Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology, 37(6), 1–6.

    Google Scholar 

  • Singh, P., Singh, G., & Sodhi, G. P. S. (2020). On-farm Participatory Assessment of short and medium Duration Rice genotypes in South-western Punjab. Indian Journal of Extension Education, 56(3), Article3. https://acspublisher.com/journals/index.php/ijee/article/view/4438.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, P., Davis, S., Creutzig, F., Fuss, S., Minx, J., Gabrielle, B., Kato, E., Jackson, R., Cowie, A., Kriegler, E., Vuuren, D., Rogelj, J., Ciais, P., Milne, J., Canadell, J., McCollum, D., Peters, G., Andrew, R., Krey, V., & Yongsung, C. (2015). Biophysical and economic limits to negative CO2 emissions. Nature Climate Change, 6, https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate2870.

  • Sosulski, T., & Korc, M. (2011). Effects of different mineral and organic fertilization on the content of nitrogen and carbon in soil organic matter fractions. Ecological Chemistry and Engineering A, 18(4), 601–609.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tripathi, S., Sayre, K., & Kaul, J. (2005). Planting systems on Lodging Behavior, Yield Components, and yield of Irrigated Spring Bread Wheat. Crop Science - CROP SCI, 45, https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2003-714.

  • Tripathi, S., Chander, S., & Meena, R. (2015). Effect of residue retention, tillage options and timing of N application in rice-wheat cropping system. SAARC Journal of Agriculture, 13, 37. https://doi.org/10.3329/sja.v13i1.24179.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tripathi, S. C., Chander, S., Meena, R. P., Venkatesh, K., & Verma, A. (2021). Incorporation of rice residue and green gram cultivation saves nitrogen, improve soil health and sustainability of rice-wheat system. Field Crops Research, 271, 108248. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2021.108248.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tukey, J. W. (1949). Comparing individual means in the analysis of variance. Biometrics, 99–114. https://www.jstor.org/stable/3001913.

  • Walkley, A., & Black, I. A. (1934). An examination of the Degtjareff method for determining soil organic matter, and a proposed modification of the chromic acid titration method. Soil Science, 37(1), 29–38.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang, X., Shi, Y., Guo, Z., Zhang, Y., & Yu, Z. (2015). Water use and soil nitrate nitrogen changes under supplemental irrigation with nitrogen application rate in wheat field. Field Crops Research, 183, 117–125.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang, Y., Zhu, Y., Zhang, S., & Wang, Y. (2018). What could promote farmers to replace chemical fertilizers with organic fertilizers? Journal of Cleaner Production. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.07.222.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yadvinder-Singh, Bijay-Singh, Ladha, J. K., Khind, C. S., Khera, T. S., & Bueno, C. S. (2004). Effects of Residue Decomposition on Productivity and Soil Fertility in Rice–Wheat Rotation. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 68(3), 854–864. https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2004.8540.

  • Zhang, H. L., Lal, R., Zhao, X., Xue, J. F., & Chen, F. (2014). Chapter One—Opportunities and Challenges of Soil Carbon Sequestration by Conservation Agriculture in China. In D. L. Sparks (Ed.), Advances in Agronomy (Vol. 124, pp. 1–36). Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-800138-7.00001-2.

  • Zhao, X., Yuan, G., Wang, H., Lu, D., Chen, X., & Zhou, J. (2019). Effects of full straw incorporation on Soil Fertility and Crop Yield in Rice-Wheat Rotation for Silty Clay Loamy Cropland. Agronomy, 9(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9030133.

  • Zhou, L., Huang, J., Lü, F., & Han, X. (2009). Effects of prescribed burning and seasonal and interannual climate variation on nitrogen mineralization in a typical steppe in Inner Mongolia. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 41(4), 796–803. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.01.019.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhu, L., Hu, N., Yang, M., Zhan, X., & Zhang, Z. (2014). Effects of different tillage and Straw Return on Soil Organic Carbon in a Rice-Wheat Rotation System. PLOS ONE, 9(2), e88900. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0088900.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Download references

Funding

The research work was funded by Indian Council of Agricultural Research at Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal, Haryana, India.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, P.B. No. 158, Agarsain Marg, Karnal, Haryana, Karnal-132 001, India

    S. C. Tripathi, Nitesh Kumar & R P Meena

  2. ICAR-Indian Institute of Millets Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500 030, India

    Karnam Venkatesh

Authors
  1. S. C. Tripathi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Karnam Venkatesh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Nitesh Kumar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. R P Meena
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

SCT conceptualized idea, conducted experiment and edited the article, KV analyzed data, made graphs and edited, NK drafted manuscript and edited and RPM helped in data recording.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to S. C. Tripathi.

Ethics declarations

Ethical Approval

All authors approve ethical responsibilities related with this manuscript.

Disclosure Statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Consent for Publication

All authors give their consent for publication in the International Journal of Plant Production.

Field Studies

Permissions were obtained from by appropriate authority as per IUCN Policy Statement and all the international laws were followed as we are working in Government of India organisation (ICAR).

Competing Interest

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Additional information

Publisher’s Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Tripathi, S.C., Venkatesh, K., Kumar, N. et al. Unravelling the Potential of Rice Residue - Boosting Wheat’s Productivity, Profit, and Soil Health with Varying N Levels. Int. J. Plant Prod. (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42106-024-00288-1

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42106-024-00288-1

Keywords

Search

Navigation