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Progression from prediabetes to type 2 diabetes mellitus induced by overnutrition

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Abstract

Prediabetes has developed into a global pandemic, its prevalence increasing year by year. Although lifestyle changes are advocated as the basis for prediabetes treatment, some patients fail to choose or adhere to appropriate interventions. The basis for selecting an appropriate intervention is determining the stage and cause of the disease. In this review, we aimed to examine the various types and disease processes of prediabetes caused by overnutrition, the present review supporting the hypothesis that overnutrition-induced hyperinsulinemia precedes insulin resistance (IR) and independently causes β-cell dysfunction. Tissue insulin resistance is the main feature of prediabetes with the crosstalk between tissues promoting the formation of systemic insulin resistance. Finally, both β-cell dysfunction induced by hyperinsulinemia or IR and reduced β-cell mass can lead to abnormal insulin secretion and contribute to development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Hence, overnutrition can cause multiple prediabetes phenotypes resulting in development of T2DM through different trajectories. Future diagnosis and treatment should therefore more carefully consider the disease phenotype and stage of development in patients with prediabetes to reduce the incidence of T2DM.

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  1. School of Physical Education & Sports Science, South China Normal University, No.55, West of Zhongshan Ave., Tianhe District, Guangzhou City, 510006, Guangdong Province, China

    Yuli Zhang, Tuming Shen & Songtao Wang

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Yuli Zhang had the idea for the article and wrote the initial draft of the manuscript by literature resource. Tuming Shen performed the literature search and data analysis. Songtao Wang revised and critically edited the manuscript. All authors agreed on the final version of the manuscript and Songtao Wang will act as the guarantor of the manuscript.

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Zhang, Y., Shen, T. & Wang, S. Progression from prediabetes to type 2 diabetes mellitus induced by overnutrition. Hormones 21, 591–597 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42000-022-00399-2

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