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Influencing factors of sarcopenia in older adults based on the Newman system model: a case–control study

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Key summary points

AbstractSection Aim

To explore the factors affecting sarcopenia in older adults in the community.

AbstractSection Findings

Physical activity, diabetes mellitus, age, marital status, nutrition and depression were important factors that have an impact on sarcopenia.

AbstractSection Message

Physical activity, diabetes mellitus, age, marital status, nutrition and depression were important factors that have an impact on sarcopenia.

Abstract

Purpose

Research on sarcopenia has primarily focused on single fields such as physiology or psychology. However, there is a lack of clear evidence to determine the influence of social factors on sarcopenia. Therefore, our aim was to explore the multidimensional factors that contribute to sarcopenia in older adults within the community.

Methods

In this retrospective case–control study, we applied the diagnostic criteria from The Asian Working Group on Sarcopenia (AWGS) 2019 to categorize study subjects into control and case groups. Our aim was to examine the impact of physical, psychological, and social factors on community-dwelling older adults with sarcopenia across multiple dimensions. We utilized descriptive statistics, as well as simple and multivariate logistic regression analyses, to analyze the data. We compared the odds ratios (OR) of the factors between the two groups and ranked the importance of the influencing factors using the XGBoost algorithm in Python software.

Results

Combined with multivariate analysis and XGBoost algorithm results, it can be seen that physical activity is the strongest predictor of sarcopenia [OR] = 0.922(95% CI 0.906–0.948), followed diabetes mellitus [OR] = 3.454(95% CI 1.007–11.854), older age [OR] = 1.112(95% CI 1.023–1.210), divorced or widowed [OR] = 19.148 (95% CI 4.233–86.607), malnutrition [OR] = 18.332(95% CI 5.500–61.099), and depressed [OR] = 7.037(95% CI 2.391–20.710).

Conclusions

Factors associated with the development of sarcopenia in community-dwelling older adults cover a multiplicity of physical, psychological, and social factors, physical activity, diabetes mellitus, age, marital status, nutrition, and depression were important factors that have an impact on sarcopenia.

Registration number

ChiCTR2200056297.

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Funding

The research leading to these results received funding from National Social Science Found of China under Grant Agreement No 20BSH121.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, North China University of Science and Technology, No.21 Bohai Avenue, New Town, Caofeidian District, Tangshan City, 063210, Hebei Province, China

    Yan Zhang, Pan Zhang & Fenglan Wang

  2. Department of Clinical Medicine, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063210, China

    Fengmei Xing

Authors
  1. Yan Zhang
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  2. Pan Zhang
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Correspondence to Fengmei Xing.

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The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval

This study was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of North China University of Technology (No. 2021141); this trial was registered in the China Clinical Trials Center with registration number ChiCTR2200056297.

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All participants gave written informed consent before participating in this study.

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Zhang, Y., Zhang, P., Wang, F. et al. Influencing factors of sarcopenia in older adults based on the Newman system model: a case–control study. Eur Geriatr Med 14, 1049–1057 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41999-023-00822-w

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s41999-023-00822-w

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