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Older HIV-infected adults: complex patients (III)—polypharmacy

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A Correction to this article was published on 20 May 2019

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Abstract

Polypharmacy is a well-described problem in the geriatric population. It is a relatively new problem for people living with HIV (PLWH), as this group now has a life expectancy approaching that of the general population. Defining polypharmacy for PLWH is difficult, since the most common traditional definition of at least five medications would encompass a large percentage of PLWH who are on antiretrovirals (ARVs) and medications for other medical comorbidities. Even when excluding ARVs, the prevalence of polypharmacy in PLWH is higher than the general population, and not just in resource-rich countries. Using a more nuanced approach with “appropriate” or “safer” polypharmacy allows for a better framework for discussing how to mitigate the associated risks. Some of the consequences of polypharmacy include adverse effects of medications such as increased risk of geriatric syndromes, drug–drug interactions, decreased adherence, and over- and undertreatment of medical comorbidities. Interventions to combat polypharmacy include decreasing pill burden—specifically with fixed-dose combination tablets—and medication reconciliation/de-prescription using established criteria. The goal of these interventions is to decrease drug interactions and improve quality of life and outcomes. Some special populations of interest within the community of PLWH include those with chronic pain, substance abuse, or requiring end of life care. A final look into the future of antiretroviral therapy shows the promise of possible two-drug regimens, which can help reduce the above risks of polypharmacy.

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  • 20 May 2019

    The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake.

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Acknowledgements

Dr. Johnston receives support from NIH TL1 TR000459 and NIAID T32AI007613. Dr. Siegler receives support from Gilead Sciences, Inc. for an investigator-initiated study IN-US-311-4182.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA

    Samuel F. Freedman

  2. Division of Infectious Diseases, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA

    Carrie Johnston

  3. Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY, USA

    John J. Faragon

  4. Division of Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, 525 E. 68th Street, Box 39, New York, NY, 10065, USA

    Eugenia L. Siegler & Tessa Del Carmen

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Correspondence to Eugenia L. Siegler.

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Dr. Siegler receives support from Gilead Sciences for an investigator-initiated study. Dr. Faragon is on the speakers’ bureaus of AbbVie, Gilead Sciences, Merck, and Janssen Pharmaceutical. Drs. Freedman, Johnston, and Del Carmen report no conflicts of interest.

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Freedman, S.F., Johnston, C., Faragon, J.J. et al. Older HIV-infected adults: complex patients (III)—polypharmacy. Eur Geriatr Med 10, 199–211 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41999-018-0139-y

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