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30,000-Year-Old Geometric Microliths Reveal Glacial Refugium in Dhofar, Southern Oman

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Abstract

Despite its significant geographic position along the southern corridor into and out of Africa, little is known of the period between 70 and 12 thousand years ago in South Arabia. The existing archeological data come from a handful of lithic surface scatters and buried sites with broad chronological constraints. Here, we report the open-air site of Matafah, a stratified deposit in the Wadi Ghadun drainage system of Dhofar, southern Oman. The accretional terrace discovered at Matafah is composed of low-energy overbank sediments interstratified with cemented layers of fluvial gravels, eolian sands, and hillslope deposits. Three discrete archeological horizons were excavated from the 2.5-m stratigraphic sequence, including Holocene assemblages that overlie a heretofore-unknown assemblage type with geometric microliths. Optically stimulated luminescence age estimates bracket this lower assemblage between 33 and 30 thousand years ago, providing the earliest evidence for the use of projectile armatures in the Arabian Peninsula.

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Acknowledgments

The research presented in this paper was conducted under the auspices of the Ministry of Heritage and Culture in Oman. We are grateful to the Office of the Advisor to His Majesty the Sultan for Cultural Affairs, H.E. Abdulaziz Rawas, Dr. Said Alsalmi, and Musallam Al Mahri for their support throughout the design, implementation, and publication of this work. We wish to thank John Shea, Razib Khan, and Amir Beshkani for their feedback and assistance reading early drafts of this manuscript, as well as the constructive comments from the anonymous reviewers.

Funding

Fieldwork was funded by National Geographic Waitt grant (W253-12) and National Geographic Committee for Research and Exploration grant (#995016) awarded to J.R.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Ronin Institute, Montclair, NJ, 07043, USA

    Jeffrey I. Rose

  2. CNRS, UMR 5133 ‘Archéorient’, Maison de l’Orient de la Méditerranée, 69007, Lyon, France

    Yamandú H. Hilbert

  3. Archaeological Museum, Institute of Archaeology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, B. Khmelnitsky Str. 15, Kiev, 01030, Ukraine

    Vitaly I. Usik

  4. Department of Anthropology, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX, 75275, USA

    Anthony E. Marks

  5. Ministry of Heritage and Culture, Salalah, Oman

    Mohammed Musallam Ali Jaboob

  6. Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic

    Viktor Černý

  7. CNRS, Ministère de l’Europe et des Affaires étrangères, USR 3141, CEFAS ‘Centre Français D’Archéologie et de Sciences Sociales’, Kuwait City, Kuwait

    Rémy Crassard

  8. Institute of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Freiburg, Alberstrasse 23b, 79104, Freiburg, Germany

    Frank Preusser

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Rose, J.I., Hilbert, Y.H., Usik, V.I. et al. 30,000-Year-Old Geometric Microliths Reveal Glacial Refugium in Dhofar, Southern Oman. J Paleo Arch 2, 338–357 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41982-019-00027-3

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