Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Phytoplankton Community Response to Environmental Changes in Mahanadi Estuary and Its Adjoining Coastal Waters of Bay of Bengal: a Multivariate and Remote Sensing Approach

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Remote Sensing in Earth Systems Sciences Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The present study investigates seasonal variability of physicochemical parameters and phytoplankton community structure, abundance, and chlorophyll a (Chl a) during 2007–2009 in the Mahanadi estuary, Bay of Bengal (BoB). Seasonal variations of phytoplankton community depended upon the change in hydrographic conditions and nutrient concentrations of the estuarine ecosystem. The changing scenario of phytoplankton community structure in relation to the various physicochemical properties of the ambient water was influenced by the monsoon and post-monsoon cycle. Discernible variation was observed in phytoplankton species composition, population density, and Chl a concentration between the pre-monsoon (April), monsoon (July), and post-monsoon (October). The mean population density of phytoplankton varied from monsoon (29,276 cells l−1) to pre-monsoon (43,290 cells l−1) period. Multivariate analyses showed that diatom was the most dominant (57.63%) followed by dinoflagellates (33.05%) compared with other communities in the study area. The green and blue-green algae were dominant during monsoon, while coccolithophores and silicoflagellates were the major during pre-monsoon. The Chl a concentration leads to the population density and varied between 0.87 and 1.18 mg m−3 from pre-monsoon to post-monsoon. Salinity and suspended solids (SS) played a major role in the spatial and seasonal distribution of phytoplankton composition and showed a positive correlation (p < 0.01) between nitrogenous nutrients (NO3 and NO2) with phytoplankton density and Chl a, suggesting that nitrogenous nutrients have profound influence on the phytoplankton growth. The in situ Chl a data used for validation of composite satellite MODIS data and result found that both data showed a similar trend of distribution in the region. The Chl a concentration was significantly higher in the pre-monsoon period.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7z
Fig. 8

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Shah MMR, Hossain MY, Begum M, Ahmed ZF, Ohtomi J, Rahman MM, Alam MJ, Islam MA, Fulanda B (2008) Seasonal variation of phytoplanktonic community structure and production in relation to environmental factors of the southwest coastal waters of Bangladesh. JFAS 3(2):102–113. https://doi.org/10.3923/jfas.2008.102.113

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Vajravelu M, Martin Y, Ayyappan S, Mayakrishnan M (2018) Seasonal influence of physico-chemical parameters on phytoplankton diversity, community structure and abundance at Parangipettai coastal waters, Bay of Bengal, South East Coast of India. Oceanologia 60:114–127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceano.2017.08.003

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Hulyal SB, Kaliwal BB (2009) Dynamics of phytoplankton in relation to physico-chemical factors of Almatti reservoir of Bijapur District, Karnataka State. Environ Monit Assess 153:45–49. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-008-0335-1

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Mahanty MM, Latha G, Durai PE (2019) Impact of tropical cyclone Vardah on the fish chorus in shallow waters of Southwest Bay of Bengal. Ecol Indic 96:288–292. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2018.09.012

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Bardarudeen T, Damodaran KT, Sajan K, Padmalal D (1996) Texture and geochemistry of the sediments of a tropical mangrove ecosystem, southwest coast of India. Environ Geol 27:164–169. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00770428

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Kawabata Z, Magendran A, Palanichamy S, Venugopalan VK, Tatsukawa R (1993) Phytoplankton biomass and productivity of different size fractions in the Vellar estuarine system, southeast coast of India. Indian J Mar Sci 22:294–296

    Google Scholar 

  7. Mishra RK, Senga Y, Nakata K, Mishra S, Sahu BK (2020) Spatio-temporal variation of Prochlorococcus and phytoplankton community between Shimizu coast and Suruga bay, Northwest Pacific Ocean. Reg Stud Mar Sci 33(2020):100890

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Gouda R, Panigrahy RC (1996) Ecology of phytoplankton in coastal waters off Gopalpur, east coast of India. Indian J Mar Sci 25:81–84

    Google Scholar 

  9. Naik S, Mahapatro D, Behera DP, Kumar M, Panda CR, Mishra RK (2013) Spatio-temporal study of zooplankton community in Mahanadi estuary, east coast of India. IJE 3(6):185–195. https://doi.org/10.5923/j.ije.20130306.04

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Naik S, Mishra RK, Mahapatro D, Panigrahy RC (2014) Impact of water quality on phytoplankton community and biomass in Dhamara eastury, east coast of India. J Environ Biol 35:229–235

    Google Scholar 

  11. Panigrahi SN, Nayak BB, Acharya BC (2001) Planktonic algae as water pollution index of Maipura estuary, east coast of India. J Mar Biol Assoc India 43:168–172

    Google Scholar 

  12. Mishra RK, Shaw BP, Das SK, Rao KS, Choudhary SB, Rao KH (2003) Spatio-temporal variation of optically active substances in the coastal water off Orissa from Rushikulya to Dharma (east coast of India). Indian J Mar Sci 32(2):133–140

    Google Scholar 

  13. Mishra RK, Shaw BP, Sahu BK, Mishra S, Senga Y (2009) Seasonal appearance of chlorophyceae phytoplankton bloom by river discharge off Paradeep at Orissa coast in the Bay of Bengal. Environ Monit Assess 149:261–273. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-008-0200-2

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Perumal NV, Rajkumar M, Perumal P, Rajasekar KT (2009) Seasonal variations of plankton diversity in the Kaduviyar estuary, Nagapattinam, southeast coast of India. J Environ Biol 30(6):1035–1046

    Google Scholar 

  15. Sahu G, Satpathy KK, Mohanty AK, Sarkar SK (2012) Variation in community structure of phytoplankton in relation to physicochemical properties of coastal waters, southeast coast of India. Indian J Geo-Mar Sci 41(3):223–241

    Google Scholar 

  16. Panigrahy RC, Gouda R (1990) Occurrence of bloom of the diatom Asterionella glaciallis (Castracane) in the Rushikulya estuary, east coast of India. Mahasagar-Bull Natn Inst Oceanogr 23:179–182

  17. Panigrahi SN (2005) Seasonal variability of phytoplankton productivity and related physic chemical parameters in the Chilika lake and its adjoining sea, Ph.D. thesis, Berhampur University, pp 258

  18. Naik S, Acharya BC, Mohapatra A (2009) Seasonal variations of phytoplankton in Mahanadi estuary, east coast of India. Indian J Mar Sci 38(2):184–190

    Google Scholar 

  19. Chakrapani GJ, Subramanian V (1990) Preliminary studies on the geochemistry of the Mahanadi river basin, India. Chem Geol 81:241–253. https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(90)90118-Q

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Konhauser KO, Powell MA, Fife WS, Longstaffle FJ, Tripathy S (1997) Trace element geochemistry of river sediment, Orissa state, India. J Hydrol 193:258–269

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. APHA (2005) Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. American Public Health Association, New York

    Google Scholar 

  22. Sournia A (1970) Les Cyanophyctesdans le planctonmarin. Ann Biol 49:63–76

    Google Scholar 

  23. Subrahmanyan R (1946) A systematic accounts of the marine plankton diatoms of Madras coast. Proc Indian Acad Sci 24:1–197

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Subrahmanyan R(1968)The Dinophycaes of Indian Seas Part– I. Genus Ceratium, Mar Biol Assoc India, pp 129

  25. Subrahmanyan R (1971) The Dinophycaes of Indian Seas Part– II. Peridiniaceae, Mar Biol Assoc India, pp 134

  26. Desikachary TV (1987) Atlas of diatoms, fascicle III and IV. Madras Science Foundation, Madras, pp 222–400

    Google Scholar 

  27. Parsons T, Maita Y, Lally CM (1984) A manual of chemical and biological methods of seawater analysis. Pergamon Press, New York

    Google Scholar 

  28. Satpathy KK (1996) Seasonal distribution of nutrients in the waters of Kalpakkam, east coast of India. Indian J Mar Sci 2:221–224

  29. Sampathkumar P, Kannan L (1998) Seasonal variations in physico-chemical characteristics in the Tranquebar-Nagapattinam region, South-east coast of India. Pollut Res 17:397–402

    Google Scholar 

  30. Panda US (2008) Modelling water quality and spatial information system on Chilika lagoon. Ph.D. thesis, Behampur University, 321 pp

  31. Sai Sastry AGR, Chandramohan P (1990) Physicochemical characteristics of Vasistha Godavari estuary, east coast of India: Pre Pollution status. Indian J Mar Sci 19:42–46

    Google Scholar 

  32. Dahnke K, Thamdrup B (2013) Nitrogen isotope dynamics and fractionation during sedimentary denitrification in Boknis Eck, Baltic Sea. Biogeosciences 10:3079–3088. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-3079-2013

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Shrestha S, Kazama F (2007) Assessment of surface water quality using multivariate statistical techniques: a case study of the Fuji river basin, Japan. Environ Model Softw 22:464–475

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Stumn W (1973) The acceleration of the hydro geochemical cycling of phosphorus. Water Res 17:131–144

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Gouda R, Panigrahy RC (1992) Seasonal distribution and behaviour of silicate in the Rushikulya estuary, east coast of India. Indian J Mar Sci 21:11–115

    Google Scholar 

  36. Sundaray SK, Panda US, Nayak BB, Bhatta D (2006) Multivariate statistical technique for the evaluation of spatial and temporal variation in water quality of Mahanadi river estuarine system (India) – a case study. Environ Geochem Health 28:317–330. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-005-9001-5

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Prabhahar C, Saleshrani K, Enbarasan R (2011) Studies on the ecology and distribution of phytoplankton biomass in Kadalur coastal zone Tamil Nadu, India. Curr Bot 2(3):26–30

    Google Scholar 

  38. Liu CW, Lin KH, Kuo YM (2003) Application of factor analysis in the assessment of ground water quality in a blackfoot disease area in Taiwan. Sci Total Environ 313:77–89. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-9697(02)00683-6

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Babin SM, Carton JA, Dickey TD, Wiggert JD (2004) Satellite evidence of hurricane-induced phytoplankton blooms in an oceanic desert. J Geophys Res 109:C03043. https://doi.org/10.1029/2003JC001938

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Fernandes L, Bhosle NB, Matondkar SGP, Bhushan R (2009) Seasonal and spatial distribution of particulate organic matter in the Bay of Bengal. J Mar Syst 77(1–2):137–147

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

We would like to thank the Head of the Department of Marine Sciences, Berhampur University, for providing laboratory facilities and invaluable help and support for this study. One of the authors RKM would like to thank the Director NCPOR for his encourage and continuous support for this study to validate the satellite and modeling data and publications. We also acknowledge the MODIS mission scientists and associated NASA personnel for using the satellite data in this manuscript.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Marine Science, Berhampur University, Berhampur, 760007, India

    Subrat Naik & R. C. Panigrahy

  2. National Centre for Coastal Research, Ministry of Earth Sciences, NIOT Campus, Pallikaranai, Chennai, 600100, India

    Subrat Naik, Uma Sankar Panda & Pravakar Mishra

  3. National Centre for Polar and Ocean Research, Ministry of Earth Sciences, Headland Sada, Vasco da Gama, Goa, 403804, India

    Rajani Kanta Mishra

Authors
  1. Subrat Naik
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Rajani Kanta Mishra
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Uma Sankar Panda
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Pravakar Mishra
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. R. C. Panigrahy
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Rajani Kanta Mishra.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of Interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Additional information

Publisher’s Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Naik, S., Mishra, R.K., Panda, U.S. et al. Phytoplankton Community Response to Environmental Changes in Mahanadi Estuary and Its Adjoining Coastal Waters of Bay of Bengal: a Multivariate and Remote Sensing Approach. Remote Sens Earth Syst Sci 3, 110–122 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41976-020-00036-9

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s41976-020-00036-9

Keywords

Search

Navigation